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The Turmoil of the Fourteenth
Century
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The port city of Acre was one of the last remaining strongholds held by Christians in the Thirteenth Century |
| The End of European Expansion in the Eastern Mediterranean | The End of the Latin States in the Eastern Mediterranean | |
| Saladin,
Battle of Hattin 1187 Fall of the last Christian port cities 1291 |
Two Medieval Institutions: The Inquisition and the Crusade |
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| The Mongol Empire: Europeans Discover Asia | Temujin=Genghis Khan (Strong Leader), born 1162, died 1227 | |
| Map of Genghis Khan's Conquests |  Mongol Helmet |
 Mausoleum of Ghengis Khan |
| Map of Khan Empire in the Thirteenth Century | European Attempts to Convert the
Mongols The Collapse of the Empire, the Western Mongols convert to Islam |
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Marco Polo (1254-1324) The Travels of Marco Polo (written 1296-1299). Marco Polo spent 17 years in East Asia and worked in the government of the Great Khan. His Travels were important for stimulating interest in the East during the fifteenth century. Henry the Navigator and Christopher Columbus read it. | |
Pope Boniface VIII (1294-1303) |
The Political Papacy and its Critics |
Criticisms of the Papacy and the Clergy |
Giovanni
Boccaccio, Decameron (1352) First Day, Second Story: Abraham, Giannotto and the Pope Giannotto's Views of the Papacy |
| Geoffrey Chaucer, Canterbury Tales Summoners Prologue | Franceso Petrarch, Letter to Friend Describing Avignon |
| Dante Alighieri, Commedia Inferno, Canto 19 |
Dante Alighieri 1265-1321 |
 Charles
of Anjou |
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Sicilian Vespers 1282 King Peter III of Aragon |
Angevin (French) Aragonese (Spanish) |
Enna, Sicily |
King Philip III of France leads a crusade with papal blessing against Peter III of Aragon 1285 |
Pope
Martin IV (French) (1281-1285) Peter Marrone= Pope Celestine V (1294) |
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Benedict Gaetani = Pope Boniface VIII (1294-1303) |
Colonna Family in Rome |
| King
Philip IV, the Fair, of France 1285-1314 William of Nogaret |
Fourteenth-Century Italian City States |
| Avignonese Papacy = "Babylonian Captivity" (1305-1378) | |
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| The Great Schism (1378-1415) | |
| Map showing the religious divisions created by the Schism |
Avignonese and Roman line of popes: Two legitimate popes Council of Pisa (1409) creates a third pope Council of Constance (1415) |
| King Philip VI of France (1328-1350) | King
Edward III of England (1327-1377) Edward's mother was the daughter of King Philip IV of France |
| King John the Good of France (1350-1364) | The Black Prince (Edward, son of Edward III) |
Hundred Years' War, Battles and Divisions
| Battle of Crécy (1346) | Longbow, gunpowder, cannon |
Battle of Poitiers (1356) King John the Good captured |
Battle of Crécy
The End of the War |
