The Twelfth-Century Revolution in Judicial Procedure
Key terms: Cognitio extraordinaria, ordeal, and ordo iudiciarius (accusatorial procedure), inquisitio (inquisitorial procedure), due process (<secundum> ordinem iudiciarium>)
Arbitration in the Ius commune
The Development of Procedure in the Twelfth and Thirteenth Centuries
Key Readings:
Ken Pennington, "Due Process, Community, and the Prince in the Evolution of the Ordo iudiciarius
Ken Pennington, "Innocent Until Proven Guilty: The Origins of a Legal Maxim"