The Ius commune ---  pan-European legal system

Bologna: Pepo, Irnerius,

Emperor Justinian’s (535-565 A.D.) Corpus iuris civilis

Libri legales (Legal Books)

Universities 

Detail of the Sarcophagus of the Jurist Johannes Legnano (Bologna)

Gratian 1120-1140 (?)

Papal case law, decretals

Papal case law was a living law and provided a rich and varied set of problems that the jurists explored in their commentaries and in the classroom.