The Crusades in the Mediterranean World, 1070-1500    

First Crusade	Second Crusade	Third Crusade	Fourth Crusades
Fifth Crusade	Frederick II's Crusade	Louis IX's Crusades	Later Crusades

   Jerusalem - Dome of the Rock Haram al-Sharif -Temple Mount  

Dome of the Rock and Jerusalem's Walls	Dome of the Rock (ca. 700?)
Dome of the Rock (Aerial View)	Dome of the Rock (Interior)

  Early Arab Jerusalem Modern Jerusalem   Emperor Romulus IV (1067-1071) is defeated at Manizikert Normans attack conquer Southern Italy and Sicily Robert of Guiscard wages war against the Byzantine Empire 1078 - Map The First Crusade The Elements of the Crusade 1. Holy War 2. Crucesignatus 3. Vow 4. Indulgence Pope Urban II Council of Clermont, November 1095 Fulcher of Chartres' Report of Pope Urban's Speech Robert the Monk's Report of Pope Urban II's Speech Alexius Comnenus - Anna Comnena Major Groups on the First Crusade "Popular Crusade": Peter the Hermit and Walter of Sansavoir "Official (Seignorial) Crusade" Normans - Bohemond of Taranto and Tancred Southern French - Raymond of St Gilles Northern French - Hugh of Vermandois Germans - Godfrey and Baldwin of Bouillon Routes Capture of Jerusalem July 1099 The Account of  Ibn Al-Athir Christian Jerusalem Latin States In the East Second Crusade Zengi conquers Edessa Pope Eugenius III Saint Bernard of Clairvaux King Louis VII of France Eleanor of Aquitaine German Emperor, Conrad III Routes   Third Crusade Saladin Hattin Reginald of Chatillon Pope Gregory VIII, Audita tremendi King Richard the Lionheart of England King Phillip II August of France Emperor Frederick Barbarossa Routes Pope Innocent III, 1198-1216 Vicar of Christ plenitudo potestatis Melchisedek Post miserabile The Cannibal Crusader Fourth Crusade Venice, San Marco Zadar (Zara) King Emeric of Hungary Innocent's Legal Brief to the Crusaders Conquest of Constantinpole     Fifth Crusade Ad Liberandam Pope Honorius III Pelagius of Albano   Crusade of Emperor Frederick II Routes   Sixth and Seventh Crusades Saint Louis IX of France Damietta Map Aigues-Mortes     St Louis' Courage   King Peter de Lusignan of Cyprus 1362 Varna 1444 Kosovo 1448 Sultan Mehmed II conquers Constantinople May 1453 Peter Abelard's Ode to Jerusalem