Gratian and the Evolution of the Ius commune

Legista sine canonibus parum valet, canonista sine legibus nihil

A Civil Lawyer without a knowledge of canon law is worth little, a canon lawyer without a knowledge of Roman law is worth nothing.

Roman Law in Bologna

Reasons why Roman law was rediscovered and taught

Codex Florentinus of the Digest

Justinian's Corpus iuris civilis  (Digest, Code, Institutes, Authenticum)

Pepo (1075)
Irnerius (ca. 1100-1125)
The Four Doctors of Roman Law (Jacobus, Martinus, Bulgarus, and Hugo)
Azo and Accursius (Ordinary Gloss on the Corpus iuris civilis)

Gratian's Use of Roman Law

Introduction to Gratian