Lanfranchinus Tranensis was a canonist (15th c.) reputed by Panzirolus to have produced a work on patronage.

TEXTS: De iure patronatus

LITERATURE: Schulte, QL II 392
 

Lanfrancus de Oriano (d.1488) He came from Brescia, a student of Petrus de Besuntio, taught in Padua and died in Brescia in 1488. Wrote and taught on both Roman and canon law.

TEXTS: 1. Repetitio super c. `Quoniam contra' (X 2.19.11), Early Printed Editions: Naples 1472; Perugia 1477 (Hain 9885); Cologne 1488 (Hain 9882) Venice 1489 (Hain 9883); Pavia 1489 (Hain 9886); MANUSCRIPTS: Eichstätt, Universitätsbibl. 477 part II, fol. 1r-133; Vatican City, Vat. Urb. lat. 168, fol. 20r7-83v.

2. Repetitio super c. `Raynuncius' (X 3.26.16), Early Printed Edition: Cologne 1488 (Hain 9882)

3. Repetitio super c. `Raynaldus' (X 3.26.18), Early Printed Edition: Cologne 1488 (Hain 9882)

4. Repetitio super c. `Saepe contingit' (Clem. 5.11.2), Early Printed Edition: Cologne 1488 (Hain 9882); MANUSCRIPTS: Leiden Bibl. der Rijksuniversiteit, MS d'Ablaing 28.

5. Repetitio super c. `Dispendiosam' (Clem. 2.1.2), Early Printed Edition: Cologne 1488 (Hain 9882)

6. Repetitio in tit. de causa possessionis et proprietatis (Clem. 2.3), Early Printed Edition: Cologne 1488 (Hain 9882); MANUSCRIPT: Leiden Bibl. der Rijksuniversiteit, MS d'Ablaing 28. 6. Tractatus de arbitris, Early Printed Editions: Naples 1474; Pisa 1486; Milan 1493; Pavia 1498, 1499: Hain 9888-92); Cologne 1590; MANUSCRIPTS: Freiburg, Universitätsbibl. MS 226; Munich, Universitätsbibl. MS 2⁰304, n^o 2:

7. Tractatus de interpretatione statutorum, Early Printed Edition: Cologne 1488 (Hain 9882), fol. 133v-140v.

8. Praxis iudiciaria, Early Printed Editions: Lyon 1515, 1521; MANUSCRIPTS: Vatican City, Vat. Urb. lat. 168.

9. Quaestiones, MANUSCRIPT: Vatican City, Vat. lat. 10726.

LITERATURE: Belloni, Professori giuristi 264-69. Schulte, QL II 392.
 
 
 
 

Lapus Tactus (occasionally Podiebonizus; also: Tuctus; known as Lapus Florentinus), fl. mid-14th century, was a Camaldolese monk and abbot of San Miniato (Florence) around 1360. Zabarella seems to have made extensive use of his commentary on the Clementines.

TEXTS: 1. Lectura super Sexto, Early Printed Edition: Rome 1589; MANUSCRIPT: Königsberg (Kaliningrad), Universitätsbibl. 128, fol. 1-106.

2. Lectura super Clementinas, MANUSCRIPT: Königsberg (Kaliningrad), Universitätsbibl. 128, fols.106-53.

3. Additiones ad tractatum Frederici de Senis De permutationibus beneficiorum, MANUSCRIPT: Königsberg (Kaliningrad), Universitätsbibl. 109 and 128.

LITERATURE: F.Rubod, `Lapus Tactus', DDC 6 (1957) 344. Schulte, QL II 238-39.
 
 
 
 

Laurentius de Mantua, canonist only known by an abbreviation of the Decretum and the Decretals.

TEXTS: Abbreuiatio decretalium et decreti, MANUSCRIPT: Paris, B.N. lat. 18226.

LITERATURE: Schulte, QL II 392
 
 
 
 

Laurentius de Parasolis, canonist only known by a single work.

TEXTS: Recollecta in ius canonicum, MANUSCRIPT: Munich, Clm 3627 and lat. 3628.

LITERATURE: Schulte, QL II 392
 
 
 
 

Laurentius de Pinu (the elder), from Bologna, likely studied at Bologna, `Doctor decretalium' at Bologna from 1365 until his death in 1397/98. Among his students were Franciscus Zabarella and Laurentius de Ridolphis.

TEXTS: 1. Lectura super Decretum, MANUSCRIPT: Klosterneuburg, Stiftsbibl. 109.

2. Reportatio super Clementinis

3. Consilia, Early Printed Edition: Milan 1491 (with Consilia of Johannes Calderinus)

4. Tractatus de iuribus incorporalibus ex dictis Innocentii et aliorum canonistarum, MANUSCRIPT: Vatican City, Vat. lat. 2660.

LITERATURE: Schulte, QL II 263.
 
 
 
 

Laurentius de Polonia. Nothing is known about this canonist other than that he wrote a work on the Decretum.

TEXTS: Memoriale decreti, MANUSCRIPTS: Klosterneuberg, Stiftsbibl. 96; Bamberg, Staatsbibl. Can. 00 [P.II.19]; Vienna, ÖNB lat. 2167, fol. 1-27.

LITERATURE: Schulte, QL II 136
 
 
 
 

Laurentius Pudericus, a cleric of Naples, wrote a work on the Deretum.

TEXTS: Breuiarium decreti

LITERATURE: Schulte, QL II 392.
 
 
 
 

Laurentius de Ridolfis (Lorenzo Ridolfi). Born 1362 or 1363 to a patrician Florentine family, Ridolfi studied canon law in Bologna under Laurentius de Pinu and Johannes de Fantutiis. Admitted doctor of canon law in September 1387, he lectured in Bologna for a year before returning to Florence in 1388, where he was appointed ordinarius of canon law in the university. He was among the most active members of the College of Doctors of Law, the body responsible for presenting and examining doctoral candidates, sponsoring some fifteen candidates for the doctorate in canon law between 1392 and 1438. Among the most influential figures in Florentine politics in the early fifteenth century, he was drawn Standard-Bearer of Justice, the Republic’s highest office, four times and regularly held other public offices. Often employed as a diplomat, he participated in embassies to various popes, the kings of Naples, the emperor Robert of Bavaria (who awarded him the title of Count Palatine), and other Italian city-states, such as Perugia,  Milan, Venice and Genoa. In 1409, he represented the Republic at the Council of Pisa and as ambassador to Alexander V. Ridolfi is best known for his treatise on usury (Tractatus de usuris). Completed in February 1403, it was the most influential study of usury and interest in the later Middle Ages. It also represented a decisive contribution to the controversies over usury and interest on government debt funds, and for this reason has attracted the attention of several modern historians. A leading Florentine jurist, Ridolfi managed a busy law practice, and several hundred of his consilia for private clients, law courts and public agencies survive. Ridolfi died in 1443 as governor of Pistoia.  [This entry and bibliography was written by Lawrin Armstrong]

 Tractatus de usuris. MANUSCRIPTS: Augsburg, Staats- und Stadtbibliothek, 2⁰ Cod. Aug. 388, fols. 6r—87r. Florence, Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale, Fondo principale II, III, 366, fols. 1r—101v (formerly Magliabechiano xxix, 184) (autograph); Conventi Soppressi 1721, fols. 1r—102v. Florence, Biblioteca Medicea‑Laurenziana, Conventi Soppressi 264, fols. 56r—118v. Lucca, Biblioteca Capitolare Feliniana, 311, fols. 193r—249v. Munich, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Clm 7580, fols. 216r—293r (incomplete, lacks Part 3, Question 5, Questio montis); Clm 26669, fols. 1r—84v (incomplete, lacks Part 3, Question 5, Questio montis). Padua, Biblioteca Civica, C M 391. Paris, Bibliothèque nationale, Nouvelles acquisitions latines 1802, fols. 1r‑88r. Vatican City, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Ottoboniano lat. 3335, fols. i—iv, 1r—120v; Palatino lat. 788, fols. 61r—115r; Rossiano 685, fols. 272r—315v (incomplete, lacks part 3); Rossiano 1038, fols. 308r‑368r. Venice, Biblioteca dei Padri Redentoristi, 13, fols. 1r—96v. Vienna, Österreichische Nationalbibliothek, 4139, fols. 71r—172r. EDITIONS: Venice 1472; Pavia 1490 (incomplete, lacks Part 3); Pescia, 1490 (Hain 9884/87; 13958—59); Tractatus universi iuris VII (Rome 1584), fols. 15r—50r. L. Armstrong (2003) edits Florence, Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale, Fondo principale II, III, 366, fols. 5r—23r, 73r—87v, 101v.

Consilia. MANUSCRIPTS: Florence, Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale, Fondo principale II, III, 370 (formerly Magliabechiano xxix, 185) (Tertius liber consiliorum); Magliabechiano xxix, 172 (several consilia), Panciatichiano 138 (two consilia). Florence, Archivio di Stato, Arte dei Giudice 670 (sixteen consilia); Pareri dei Savi 2 (seven consilia); Pareri dei Savi (three consilia). Messina, Università di Messina, Biblioteca della Facoltà di giurisprudenza, A.1 (consilia 1388—1398). EDITIONS: F. Martino (1969) 339-52, prints consilium n.95 (de usuris), Messina, Università di Messina, Biblioteca della Facoltà di giurisprudenza, A.1, fols. 257r—60v.

Repertorium iuris. MANUSCRIPT: Florence, Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale, Magliabechiano xxix, 171

Zibaldone. MANUSCRIPT: Florence, Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale, Panciatichiano 147

Oratio. MANUSCRIPT: Florence. Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale, Magliabechiano vi, 134, fols. 10v—13v (speech for embassy to Boniface IX, 1392)

LITERATURE: Thomas Diplovatatius, Liber de claris iuris consultis, pars posterior, ed. Fritz Schultz, Hermann Kantorowicz and Giuseppe Rabotti, Studia Gratiana 10 (1968): 342—343. Vespasiano da Bisticci, Le vite, ed. Aulo Greco, 2 vols., 2: 131—137 (Florence 1970—1976). Cesare Guasti, ed., Commissioni di Rinaldo degli Albizzi per il comune di Firenze, 3 vols. (Florence, 1867—1873). Guido Carocci, La Famiglia dei Ridolfi di Piazza: Notizie storiche e genealogiche (Florence, 1889). Schulte, QL II 393—94. John T. Noonan, Jr., The Scholastic Analysis of Usury (Cambridge, MA, 1957). Lauro Martines, Lawyers and Statecraft in Renaissance Florence (Princeton, 1968). Frederico Martino,`Un “consilium” inedito in materia di usura di Lorenzo Ridolfi,’ Il diritto ecclesiastico 80 (1969): 335—52. Amleto Spicciani, ‘Un dibattito teologico sulle “prestanze” nella Firenze del XIV secolo,’ Aevum 49 (1975): 157-165; repr. in Capitale e interesse tra mercatura e povertà nei teologi e canonisti dei secoli XIII‑XV, 97—111 (Rome, 1990). Elio Conti, ed., Le ‘Consulte’ e ‘Pratiche’ della Repubblica fiorentina nel Quattrocento, vol. 1, 1401: Cancellierato di Coluccio Salutati, Università degli studi di Firenze, Fonti di storia medievale e umanistica (Florence, 1981). Winfried Trusen, ‘Die Anfänge öffentlicher Banken und das Zinsproblem: Kontroversen im Spätmittelalter,’ in Recht und Wirtschaft in Geschichte und Gegenwart: Festschrift für Johannes Bärmann zum 70. Geburtstag, ed. Marcus Lutter, Helmut Kollhosser and Winfried Trusen, 113—131 (Munich, 1975); repr. in Gelehrtes Recht im Mittelalter und in der frühen Neuzeit, 509—530 (Goldbach, 1997). Gene A. Brucker, The Civic World of Early Renaissance Florence (Princeton, 1977). Julius Kirshner, ‘Reading Bernardino’s Sermon on the Public Debt,’ in Atti del simposio internazionale cateriniano‑bernardiniano: Siena, 17—20 aprile 1980, ed. Domenico Maffei and Paolo Nardi, 547—622 (Siena, 1982). Federico Martino, ‘Umanisti, giuristi, uomini di stato a Firenze fra Trecento e Quattrocento: Lorenzo d’Antonio Ridolfi,’ in Studi in memoria di Mario Condorelli, 3 vols., 3: 179—200 (Milan, 1988). Umberto Santarelli, ‘ “Maxima fuit Florentiae altercatio”: l’usura e i montes,’ in Banchi pubblici, banchi privati e monti di pietà nell’Europa preindustriale: Amministrazione, tecniche operative e ruoli economici, Atti della società ligure di storia patria, n.s. 31, fasc. 1, 81—94 (Genoa, 1991). Vincenzo Colli, ‘I libri consiliorum: Note sulla formazione e diffusione delle raccolte di consilia dei giuristi dei secoli XIV—XV,’ in Consilia im späten Mittelalter: Zum historischen Aussagewert einer Quellengattung, ed. Ingrid Baumgärtner, 225—35 (Sigmaringen, 1995). Jonathan Davies, Florence and its University During the Early Renaissance, Education and Society in the Middle Ages and Renaissance, no. 8. (Leiden, Boston and Cologne, 1998). Lawrin Armstrong, ‘The Tractatus de materia montis of Lorenzo Ridolfi,’ in Proceedings of the Twelfth International Economic History Congress, Madrid, 1998, Session D: Recent Doctoral Research in Economic History, ed. Clara‑Eugenia Núñez, 15—23 (Madrid, 1998). Lawrin Armstrong, Usury and Public Debt in Early Renaissance Florence: Lorenzo Ridolfi on the ‘Monte Comune,’  Texts and Studies 144 (Toronto, 2003). Lawrin Armstrong, ‘La politica dell’usura nella Firenze del primo Rinascimento,’ forthcoming.

Laurus de Palazzolis, born in Fano around 1410. L. received his doctorate utriusque iuris and taught Roman and canon law in Padua through the mid-fifteenth century. He died there in 1465.

TEXTS: 1. De accusationibus (X 5.1), MANUSCRIPT: Erlangen, Universitätsbibl. MS 687, fol. 235-82.

2. Super arbore Joannis andreae, MANUSCRIPT: Erlangen, Universitätsbibl. MS 687, fol. 283-91.

3. Consilia, Early Printed Edition: B. Caepollae, Consilia criminalia (Venice 1555), n.43, 48; MANUSCRIPTS: Munich, Clm 6573, fol. 188r; Ravenna, Bibl. Classense, 450; Ravenna, Bibl. Classense 485, vol. iv, v, vii; Venice Bibl. Naz. Marciana lat. V 2 (2324).

4. Repetitiones

A. in c.i. de litis contestatione (VI.2.3), MANUSCRIPT: Augsburg, Staats- und Stadtbibl. 2^o 326.

B. varie, MANUSCRIPTS: Munich, Clm 3627; Clm 3628.

5. De libellis diffamatoriis, MANUSCRIPT: Trier, Stadtbibl. 999/1130.

6. De successione masculorum exclusis per statutum, Early Printed Edition: Pavia 1487, 1495, 1500 (Hain 12271-73); Venice 1500; Asti 1518; Tractatus universi iuris II, fols.272r-83r; MANUSCRIPT: Lyons, Bibl. Municip. 385.

LITERATURE: A. Belloni, Professori giuristi 269-74. Schulte, QL II 393.
 
 
 
 

Lelio Vercellese (XV century), taught canon law at Padua around 1450(?).

LITERATURE: Belloni, Professori giuristi 347.
 
 
 
 

Leonardo Piccioli (XV century) taught canon law at Padua in 1442.

LITERATURE: Belloni, Professori giuristi 346, 352.
 
 
 
 

Liber Sextus: The official compilation of decretals and conciliar canons produced after the publication of the Decretales Gregorii IXpromulgated in 1298 by Pope Boniface VIII. Boniface had directed three canonists, Berengarius Fredoli, Guillelmus de Mandagout and Ricardus Petronius de Senis to select and edit the texts for this compilation, which is called the Sext because it is the supplement to the five books of the Decretales. The Sext is especially notable for the inclusion at the end of a series of eighty-eight regule iuris, and for Boniface's promulgation bull, Sacrosancte Romane Ecclesie, which declares that only the decretals and conciliar canons which were included were to have legal force.

Major commentaries on the Liber Sextus were written (after 1300) by the canonists, Alberico da Rosciate, Antonius de Butrio, Baldus de Ubaldis, Benedictus Capra, Bernardus Raimundi Maioricensis, Dominicus de Sancto Geminiano, Giovanni d'Anania, Guido de Baysio, Guilelmus de Monte Laudano, Jean de Bourbon, Jean da Sierck, Jesselin de Cassagnes, Johannes Andreae, Johannes Monachus, Johannes de Sancto Georgio, Lapus Tactus, Martinus Garatus Laudensis, Nicolaus de Tudeschis, Petrus de Ancharano, Petrus de Andlau, Petrus Bertrandus, Petrus Maurocenus and Philipus Franchus de Perusio.

EDITION: Emil Friedberg, ed. Corpus iuris Canonici, II (Leipzig 1879 [repr. ed. Graz 1959]) 929-1124. MANUSCRIPTS: (Not a Comprehensive list) Basel, Staatsbibl. C.V.19, fol. 1r-55r; Berlin (West), Preussischer Kulturbesitz lat. fol. 9, fol. 1r-120r; Bologna, Coll. di Spagna 279, fol. 105r-160r; Cambridge, Gonville and Caius Coll. 214 (=229), fol. 1r-117v; Lucca, Bibl. Capit. Felin. 144, fol. 1r-42r; New York, Hispanic Society of America B.2565, fol. 1r-53v; Oxford, Bodleian Libr. Rawlinson C.52, fol. 1r-96r; Paris, B.N. lat. 4054, fol. 1r-158v; lat. 4055, fol. 2r-131v; lat. 4068, fol. 1r-87r; lat. 4295A, fol. 145r-215r; lat. 16902, fol. 1r-70v; Vatican City, Vat. lat. 2504, fol. 1r-129r; Vat. lat. 6055, fol. 1r-149v; Vienna, ÖNB lat. 2150, fol. 1r-42v.

LITERATURE: Leonard Boyle, `Liber Sextus', NCE 8 (19XX) 696. Sten Gagnér, `Boniface VIII and Avicenna', Proceedings Boston (MIC C-1; Vatican City 1965) 261-79. Nicolaus Nilles, `Über den Titel der Dekretalensammlung Bonifaz' VIII.: Liber Sextus Decretalium Bonifacii PP. VIII.', AKKR 82 (1902) 427. Daniel Williman, `A Liber Sextus from the Bonifacian library: Vatican Borghese 7', BMCL 7 (1987) 103-08.
 
 
 
 
 
 

Lionello Brazolo (de Bradiolo) (XV century) taught canon law at Padua in 1483. L. left some Consilia

TEXTS: Consilia, MANUSCRIPT: Ravenna, Bibl. Classense 485, vol.iv, fol. 276v.

LITERATURE: Belloni, Professori giuristi 343.
 
 
 
 

Lodrisio Crivelli, a Milanese born c. 1412, studied civil law and entered the service of the archbishop of Milan around 1432. In 1441, he became member of the legal faculty at Milan and was made doctor of canon law two years later. From there he moved on to a professorship forst at Pavia, lecturing on the Gregorian decretals (1444-46, 1447-48), then to Milan and to Ferrara (1449-52) to teach the canon law. His primary interest, however, seems to have been in rhetoric, since most of his writings are speeches and verses occasioned by political events of the day. In 1463, he fell in disgrace with the Sforza and fled to Rome to seek protection from Pope Pius II. He died some time after 1464.

TEXTS: Explanationes in libros decretalium (X 1-2; probably lost)

LITERATURE: F. Petrucci, `Crivelli, Lodrisio', DBI 31 (1985) 146-52.
 
 
 
 

Lorenzo Ridolfi (see Laurentius de Ridolphis)
 
 
 
 

Ludovico de Garsiis was a fifteenth century canonist who wrote a commentary on the legal circumstances of the treaty of Troyes c.1535

TEXTS: Allegationes, EDITION: U. Plancher, `Examen de la question si le Duc de Bourgogne pourrait faire sa paix particulaire avec le Roi de France', Histoire générale et particulière de Bourgogne(Dijon 1739-81) 4.cli-clvii.

LITERATURE: Thomas Izbicki, `The Canonists and the Treaty of Troyes', Proceedings Salamanca (MIC C-6; Vatican City 1980) 425-34.
 
 
 
 

Ludovico Malizia, prior of St. Benedetto in Padua, then abbot of St. Maria di Praglia, was teaching in Padua around 1440.

LITERATURE: Belloni, Professori giuristi 352.
 
 
 
 

Ludovicus Bologninus was born at Bologna in 1446 and studied law under Alexander Tartagni and Andrea Barbazza. He received the doctorate in civil law in 1469, in canon law in 1470, whereupon he held his first lectures on the Sext and the Clementines. In 1473, he went to Ferrara to teach on the Digest for five years, until he returned to his hometown to accept important offices in the communal government. Besides, he continued his academic activities and was consistorial advocate of the pope in absentia. From 1501-05, he worked predominantly at Florence, then again at Bologna. Although was once again mentioned as a teacher of the Decretals in the curriculum of 1507-08, he appears to have already departed for France by November 1507, to serve in his new function as Bolognese ambassador. He died upon his return a year later, at Florence.

TEXTS: 1. Tabulae brevis ad facile inueniendum omnes textus, Early Printed Edition: Bologna 1486 (Hain 3442)

2. Repertorium aureum in rubricas decretalium, Early Printed Edition: Venice 1488 (Hain 3441)

3. Syllogianthon siue Collectio florum in Decretum, Early Printed Edition: Bologna 1486 (Hain 3439); Bologna 1496 Hain (3440)

4. Consilia, MANUSCRIPTS: Bologna, Bibl. comm. 1417, fol. 212v-213r; Gubbio, Archivio di casa Beni; Early Printed Edition: Bologna 1499 (Hain 3447); Venice s.l. (Hain 3457).

7. Tractatus de indulgentiis, Early Printed Edition: Bologna 1489 (Hain 3443)

8. Tabula Comsiliorum Abbatis Panormitani, Early Printed Editions: Bologna 1474; Ferrara 1475; Cologne 1477.

LITERATURE: A. Adversi, `Gli scritti canonistici di Ludovico Bolognini', SG 8 (1962) 611-35. S. Caprioli, `Bolognini, Ludovico (Bologninus, de Bologninis)', DBI 11 (1969) 337-52. Schulte, QL II 345-48.
 
 
 
 

Ludovicus Pontanus, born in 1409 in or near Spoleto. Studied in Perugia and Bologna under Johannes de Imola. Received doctorate in Bologna in 1429. From 1433, professor of law in Siena. Later he was an advocate in Florence and then a protonotary in Rome. Died in 1439 in Basel.

TEXTS: 1. De relictis ad pias causas, Early Printed Editions: Pavia 1483, 1489 (Hain 13281-82).

2. Consilia, Early Printed Editions: (Hain 13274-79).

LITERATURE: Schulte, QL II 395
 
 
 
 

Marchesino de Reggio, a Franciscan, composed a confessional guide (ca. 1315) which for a long time was believed to be a work of St. Bonaventure. For that reason, scholars have provided a modern edition of it.

TEXT: Confessionale, EDITION: S. Bonaventura, Opera 7 (Vatican City) 48.

LITERATURE: P. Michaud-Quantin, Sommes de casuistique et manuels de confession au moyen âge (Louvain - Lille - Montreal 1962) 55-56.
 
 
 
 

Marco Caravello (XV century), taught in Padua c. 1430.

LITERATURE: Belloni, Professori giuristi 351.
 
 
 
 

Marco Zacchi (XV century) canonist and civilian, seems to have taught canon law at Patavia 1424, and 1426-27. No canon-law work has been attributed to him.

LITERATURE: Belloni, Professori giuristi 276-277.
 
 
 
 

Marianus Socinus was born in Siena in 1401. M. studied law in his native city under Nicolaus de Tudeschis, and in Padua. M. began his teaching career in Padua and then returned to Siena where he taught from then on (ca. 1427). His sons Bartholomaeus and Alexander were also canonists. M. died in Siena in 1467.

TEXTS: 1. Lectura in Decretales, Early Printed Editions: Parma 1574 (on X 5, part ii).

2. Tractatus de oblationibus, Early Printed Edition: Tractatus universi iuris XIV (Venice 1584).

3. Tractatus de obligationibus, Early Printed Editions: Pisa 1486; Mailand 1493 (Hain 14852).

4. Tractatus de instantia, Early Printed Editions: Lucca 1491; Mailand 1493 (Hain 14855).

5. Tractatus de citationibus, MANUSCRIPT: Pisa 1490 (Hain 14857).

6. Tractatus de foro competenti, de libelli oblatione et de mutuis petitionibus, Early Printed Edition: Milan 1494 (Hain 14858).

7. Tractatus de litis contestatione, Early Printed Edition: Siena 1492 (Hain 14865).

8. Tractatus de sortibus, MANUSCRIPT: Vatican City, Vat. Reg. lat. 1272, fol. 1r-37r.

9. Repetitiones

A. in c. fraternitatis, de testibus (X 2.20.17), Early Printed Editions: Pisa 1489; Siena 1495 (Hain 14862).

B. contra sententiam sanguinis clericorum, super materia irregularitatis, MANUSCRIPT: Prague, Kap. 1133, fol. 289r-328v.

C. in c. Quoniam frequentes, ut lite non contestate, Early Printed Edition: Siena 1491.

D. in c. Inter dilectos, tit. de excessibus prelatorum, MANUSCRIPT: Madrid, B.N. lat. 2209.

E. in t. de prugatione canonica, MANUSCRIPT: Madrid, B.N. lat. 2141.

F. in t. de homicidio voluntario, MANUSCRIPT: Madrid, B.N. lat. 735.

10. Consilia, Early Printed Editions: Zurich 1516; Lyons 1525, 1529 (together with consilia of Bartolomeo, his son); MANUSCRIPTS: Florence, Bibl. Rcc. 1186, fol. 1r-21v; Vatican City, Vat. Ottob. lat. 1727, fol. 26r-27v, lat. 1726, fol. 14r-147r, fol. 168r-173r.

LITERATURE: P. Nardi, Mariano Sozzini, giureconsulto senese del Quattrocento (Quaderni di `Studi Senesi' t. 32, Milano 1974). R. Naz, `Marianus Socinus', DDC 6 811. Schulte, QL II 319-20. J.A. Tedeschi, `Notes toward a Geneology of the Sozzini family', Italian Reformation Studies in honor of Laelius Socinus, ed. J.A.Tedeschi (U.d. Siena, Collana di Studi `Pietro Rossi' N.S. 4: Florence 1965) 275-311.
 
 
 
 

Marino Zabarella (d. 1427) may have taught canon and/or civil law at Padua up to 1427.

LITERATURE: Belloni, Professori giuristi 345, 350.
 
 
 
 

Martín de Galos was professor of canon law at Salamanca and author of a work on clerics living in concubinage, which early modern printers attributed to Alfonso de Madrigal. He later became bishop of Coria (1420-36).

TEXT: Tractatus contra sacerdotes concubinarios

EDITIONS: In the Opera omnia 20 of Alfonso de Madrigal (El Tostado), ed. Venice 1529, fol. 2r-9v = Opera omnia 12 (Cologne 1613) 58-71; MANUSCRIPTS: Sevilla, Cab. 5-5-27 and 5-5-23.

LITERATURE: A. García y García, `La Canonística Ibérica Medieval posterior al Decreto de Graciano', Repertorio de historia de las ciencias ecclesiasticas en España 5 (Salamanca) 354-56.
 
 
 
 

Martín Pérez wrote a confessional treatise in Catalan, completed sometime between 1305 and 1317. It became very popular and circulated also in a Portugese version.

TEXT: Libro de las Confesiones, MANUSCRIPTS: León, S. Isidoro 23, fols. 14r-129v (first part); 21, fols.2r-219v (second part); Madrid, BN lat. lat. 9264, fol. 1r-138v (first part, fragment); Sevilla, Bibl. del Cab. 7-7-2, fols. 77r-240v (third part), 7-4-3, fol. 2r-137v (third part). Portugese version: Lisbon, Bibl. Alcobac. ccli/377, fols. 1r-92v; cclii/378, fols. 1r-104v; cclxxiva/213, fols.126v-141r (fragment, ed. M. Martins, O Penitencial de Martín Perez em Medievo Português [Lisbon 1957]).

LITERATURE: A. García y García and J. Múgica, `O "Ibro de las Confesiones" de Martín Pérez', Itinerarium 20 (1974) 137-51. A. García y García, `La canonística ibérica medieval posterior al Decreto de Graciano', Repertorio de historia de las ciencias eclesiasticas de España 5 (Salamanca 1976) 382; idem, `La canonística española posclasica', SG 19 (1976) 240-41; idem, Estudios sobre la canonistica portuguesa medieval (Madrid 1976) 127-33, 201-17.
 
 
 
 

Martin de Zalba (1337-1403), bishop of Pamplona and later cardinal, is said to have written a commentary on Gratian's Decretum, which is cited by Egidius de Bellamera (d. 1407) in his commentary of the Gregorian decretals. He also compiled an extensive documentation on questions related to the the Great Schism.

TEXT: Commentaria in Decretum ?

LITERATURE: A. García y García, `La canonística española posclasica', SG 19 (1976) 232, 238; idem, `La canonística ibérica medieval posterior al Decreto de Graciano', Repertorio de historia de las ciencias eclesiasticas de España 5 (Salamanca 1976) 383-84. J. Goñi Gaztambide, `Los obispos de Pamplona en el s. xiv. El Cardenal Martín de Zalba (1337-1403)', El Príncipe de Viana 23 (1962) 309-81. J. Rius Serra, `El Cardenal Zalba', Hispania 4 (1955) 211-43.
 
 
 
 

Martinus Garatus Laudensis first appears as a doctor of civil law at the University of Pavia in 1430. He lectured there on Roman law at least for the years 1439-46, before went on to Siena (1446-48). His consilia indicate that he was often consulted as one of the leading jurists in Northern Italy. Other stations in his teaching career were Bologna (1148-49), where most of his works in canon law were written, Parma (1450) and Ferrara (1450-53). He died, probably at Bologna, in 1453.

TEXTS: 1. Glosses on Liber sextus, MANUSCRIPT: Paris, Bibl. Maz. 1335 (in the margins of the Lectura by Dominicus de Sancto Geminiano).

2. Tractatus (for more details concerning EDITIONS and MANUSCRIPTS, cf. I. Baumgärtner (1986) 338-50)

A. de cardinalibus (100 quaestiones), EDITION: G. Rondini-Soldi (1973) 54-86.

B. de principibus, EDITION: G. Rondini-Soldi (1968) 79-194.

C) de canonizatione sanctorum, EDITION: D. Maffei (1988) 593-603.

D. de bello

E. de legatis principum

F. de castellanis

G. de concilio et eius auctoritate

H. de pace et confederationibus

I. de conscientia

K. de consiliariis

L. de crimine lese maiestatis

M. de dignitate

N. de fisco

O. de legitimatione

P. de milite

Q. de moneta

R. de officialibus

S. de ordininbus ecclesiasticis

T. de potestate imperatoris

U. de primogenitura

V. de privilegio et rescripto

W. de represaliis

Early Printed Editions: Milan 1494; Pavia 1506; Paris 1513; Lyons 1530.

4. Consilia (for more details concerning EDITIONS and MANUSCRIPTS, cf. I. Baumgärtner (1986) 338-50), Early Printed Edition: Novara 1568; Frankfurt 1575; Consilia sive responsa ad causas ultimarum voluntatum 2 (Venice 1581); MANUSCRIPTS: Padua, Bibl. Univ. MS Prov. 275, fol. 205r-206r; Ravenna, Bibl. Class. 485, vol.10; Vatican City, Vat. Ottob. lat. 1726, fol. 188r-189v; Vat. lat. 5773, fol. vi-vii; Vat. Urb. lat. 1132, fol. 328r-v; Vat. Patetta 205, fol. 12r-14r.

LITERATURE: I. Baumgärtner, Martinus Garatus Laudensis:  Ein italienischer Rechtsgelehrter des 15. Jahrhunderts (Cologne - Vienna 1986); idem, `Consilia - Quellen zur Familie in Krise und Kontinuität', in: P. J. Schuler (ed.), Die Familie als sozialer und historischer Verband (Sigmaringen 1987) 43-66. L. Frati, `Martino de Garati da Lodi', Archivio storico lombardo 6 (1919) 322-25. Thomas Izbicki, `Problems of Attribution in the Tractatus Universi Iuris (Venice 1584)', Studi Senesi 92 3rd Series 29 (1980) 479-93. D. Maffei, `Il trattato di Martino Garati per la canonizzazione di San Bernardino da Siena', Studi senesi 37, suppl. II (1988) 580-603. G. Rondini-Soldi, Il Tractatus de principibus di Martinus Garati da Lodi (Milan 1968); idem, Per la storia del cardinalato nel secolo XV (Milan 1973). Schulte, QL II 395-96.
 
 
 
 

Martinus Martini, from the Iberian peninsula, wrote, around 1300, a commentary on the Gregorian decretals called Candelabrum iuris. He was a 'capellanus commensalis' in the entourage of Cardinal Mateo Orsini.  He died in 1305.  Martinus had also been canon at the chapter of Toledo. He may further be identical with a Martinus Martini mentioned in a will drafted at Salamanca in 1270.  A forerunner of the Candelabrum seems to be another work of the same title in Paris, B.N. lat. 18227.   Peter Linehan has supplied information about Martinus.

TEXT: Candelabrum iuris, MANUSCRIPTS: Madrid, BN 11970, fols. 1ra-235r; Toledo, Bibl. del Cab. 28-1, fol. 1r-314r, 28-2, fols. 1r-200v.

LITERATURE: A. García y García, Estudios sobre la canonistica portuguesa medieval (Madrid 1976) 123-26; idem, `La canonística ibérica medieval posterior al Decreto de Graciano', Repertorio de historia de las ciencias eclesiasticas de España 5 (Salamanca 1976) 379-81.
 
 
 
 

Matteo da Narni was professor of canon law at Florence in 1350 and served as vicar of the Florentine bishop six years later.

TEXTS: Consilium (see Guido Boucianni).

LITERATURE: M. Ascheri, `Analecta consiliare manoscritte (1185-1254)', BMCL 15 (1985) 61-94.
 
 
 
 

Mattheus Cracoviensis, studied theology at Prague, taught at Paris, and eventually returned to Bohemia to serve as the royal chancellor. King Ruprecht (1400-1410) made him Bishop of Worms in 1405, where Mattheus died in 1410. He composed a treatise on contracts, and more importantly, a work on confession.

TEXTS: 1. De modo confitendi, MANUSCRIPTS: Bamberg, Staatsbibl. Theol. 106; Gdansk F.133, F.135, F.171, F.221, F.292, Q.27, Q.151l; Erlangen, Universitätsbibl. 549; Klosterneuburg, Stiftsbibl. 358, 386, 419; Paris, B.N. lat. 10703; lat. 10706; lat. 10708; Prague, Chapt. D.5, D.6.

2. De contractibus, MANUSCRIPTS:

LITERATURE: P. Michaud-Quantin, Sommes de casuistique et manuels de confession au moyen âge (Louvain - Lille - Montreal 1962) 79-80. Schulte, QL II 396. T. Sommerlad, Matthäus von Krakau (Halle 1891).
 
 
 
 

Mattheus Romanus (Mattheus angeli Johannis Cinthii), fourteenth century. . M. was a canon of St. Chrysogono and studied under Johannes Andreae and Guido de Baysio at Bologna, prior to 1304. He later taught law in Rome. His apparatus on the Clementines (ca. 1320) is older than that of Johannes Andreae.

TEXTS: Lectura super Clementinis, MANUSCRIPT: Halle, Universitätsbibl. Ye 29.

LITERATURE: Schulte, QL II 239-41.
 
 
 
 

Matthias Iwannus de Prussia. German canonist of the mid-fifteenth century. A Decretum-commentary, completed in 1471, exists in a manuscript in Prague.

TEXTS: Lectura in Decretum Gratiani (on part II), MANUSCRIPT: Prague, Univ. knihovna VIII.A.5.

LITERATURE: Schulte, QL II 317.

Magister Maximus. A Dominican known only through his commentary on Clement V's decretal, Dudum a Bonifacio [Clem. 3.72], which he wrote ca. 1378 in Freiburg im Breisgau. The name may be a pseudonym. The commentary was probably meant for use in Dominican schools.

TEXT: Questio super Clementinam c. Dudum a Bonifacio, MANUSCRIPT: Munich, Clm 14698, fol. 150ra-162vb. Edition: Eric H. Reiter, 'A Late Fourteenth-Century Dominican Defense of Mendicant Confessional Authority: The Super Clementinam of "Magister Maximus",' Archivum Fratrum Praedicatorum, to appear.

LITERATURE: T. Kaeppeli, Scriptores ordinis praedicatorum medii aevi 3 (Rome 1980) 132-33.

Information provided by Eric. H. Reiter, Concordia University, Montreal

Michael Angrianus, from Bologna. He was a Carmelite monk. M. was made vicar of his order by pope Urban VI and died in 1416.

TEXTS:1. Tabula decreti

LITERATURE: Schulte, QL II 396-97.

Michael de Leone (14th century)

TEXTS: 1. De priuilegiis, exemptionibus, prerogatiuis et iuris presertim iudiciariae libertatis cleri, MANUSCRIPT: Würzburg, Universitätsbibl. Mp. m. f. 6.

2. De licentia etiam clericis a iure indulta uindicandi et procedendi contra offensores et fures ac spoliatores, MANUSCRIPT: Würzburg, Universitätsbibl. Mp. m. f. 6.

LITERATURE: Schulte, QL II 397.
 
 
 
 

Michel Carcano, a Franciscan from Milan, wrote glosses to a consilium on usury by Angelus da Castro.

TEXTS: Apostille, LITERATURE: P. C. Boeren, `Les "Apostillae" de Michel Carcano de Milan, O. F. M., au "Consilium de usuris" d'Ange de Castro', Archivum franciscanum historicum 63 (1970) 174-80.
 
 
 
 

Michele Morosini (XV century), a Venetian, may have been teaching canon law and/or civil law in Padua c. 1427.

LITERATURE: Belloni, Professori giuristi 345, 350.
 
 
 
 

Nicasius de Voerda; born in 1440 near Mechlen, studied and taught law in Cologne. N. died in 1492. N. wrote a number of theological works and as well as a work on the Arbor consanguinitatis of Johannes Andreae.

TEXTS: Arborum trium consanguinitatis affinitatis cognationis spiritualis lectura, Early Printed Edition: Cologne 1502, 1503, 1505, 1506.

LITERATURE: Schulte, QL II 397.
 
 
 
 

Niccoló Canal, born in Venice in 1415, received the doctorate in Padua in utroque iuris and began teaching there in 1439. No work has been attributed to him.

LITERATURE: Belloni, Professori giuristi 326.
 
 
 
 

Niccolò da Spilimbergo, canonist studied at Pavia, taught law there with Alessandr da Nevo. Then N. moved to Padua. No work has been attributed to him.

LITERATURE: Belloni, Professori giuristi 281.
 
 
 
 

Niccolò degli Ubaldis

TEXTS: Tractatus de successionibus ab intestato, Early printed editions: Rome 1471; Rome 1473 and others: [Hain 15890-15897]

LITERATURE:
 
 
 
 

Nicolás Eymérich was born at Gerona, ca.1320, where he joined the Dominicans in 1334. He taught theology at Barcelona in 1351-52. The kings of Aragón made him repeatedly Inquisitor General (until 1392). He died in his native town in 1399.

TEXTS: 1. Tractatus de censuris ecclesiastics

2. Directorium officii inquisitorum, Early Printed Editions: Sevilla 1500; Barcelona 1503; Rome 1570, 1575, 1578, 1585, 1587; Venice 1595, 1607.

3. Responsio de renuntiatione papatui, MANUSCRIPTS: Avignon, Bibl. Munic. 321; Paris, B.N. lat. 8975, fol. 147-54.

LITERATURE: A.García y García, `La canonística española posclasica', SG 19 (1976) 243. T. Kaeppeli, Scriptores ordinis praedicatorum medii aevi 3 (Rome 1980) 156-65. L. Sala Molins, Nicolau Eymerich et Francisco Peña. Le manuel des inquisiteurs. Introduction, traduction et notes (Paris - The Hague 1973).
 
 
 
 

Nicolaus Andreae, born in Chieti, was a doctor decretorum and wrote a work on elections (c.1314-16).

TEXTS: Liber de informatione electorum, MANUSCRIPT: Vienna, Schottenstift I.E c.12 f.

LITERATURE: Schulte, QL II 398.
 
 
 
 

Nicolaus de Anesiaco (XIV century) was a Dominican born in Anesiac (Ennezat) in the Auvergne. Studied in Paris and was a member of the Dominician order (fl.1307-21).

TEXTS: 1. Tabule

A. Decreti

B. Decretalium Gregorii IX et Sexti

C. Clementinarum

MANUSCRIPTS: Only those offering all parts of the Tabule are given here; for a full list of copies, see T. Kaeppeli (1980) 141-43: Amiens, Bibl. munic. 383; Bamberg, Staatsbibl. Class.92, fol. 199-315; Basel, Universitätsbibl. A.viii.28, fol. 195-341; Graz, Universitätsbibl. 1489; Kraków, Jag. 329; Munich, Clm 9657, fol. 1-102; Paris, B.N. nouv. acq. lat. 770, fol. 25v-129v; Pelplin, Bibl. Sem.74, fol. 1-54v; Reims, Bibl. de la ville 748; Rein 28; Stuttgart, Landesbibl. HB.vi.131, fol. 86-160, 180-193; Uppsala, Univ. C.582, fpl. 1-19v, 32-52; Vatican City, Vat. lat. 5709; Vendôme, Bibl. munic.90; Vienna, Dominikanerkl.27/27, fol. 139-236; Wroclaw, Uniw. ii.Q.15, fol. 1-42v.

LITERATURE: T. Kaeppeli, Scriptores ordinis praedicatorum medii aevi 3 (Rome 1980) 141-43. Schulte, QL II 231-32.
 
 
 
 

Nicolaus de Anglia was a master at the Dominican convent of Padua in 1402.

TEXT: Questio disputata, EDITION: J. Kirshner, AFP 40 (1970) 66-72.

LITERATURE: T. Kaeppeli, Scriptores ordinis praedicatorum medii aevi 3 (Rome 1980) 143. J. Kirshner, `The moral theology of public finance. A study and edition of Nicholas de Anglia's Quaestio disputata on the public debt of Venice', AFP 40 (1970) 47-72.
 
 
 
 

Nicolaus de Ausimo (Auximanus), a Franciscan, was the author of a complementary work (finished in 1444) to the Pisanella, the successful confessional that Bartholomeus de Chaimis had composed almost a century earlier. Nicolaus updated it according to the more recent canonical legislation, also including regular references to the Summa confessorum of Johannes of Freiburg. His enlarged version almost completely superseded the original Pisanella. There was furthermore a collection of penitential canons circulating under his name. However, as Nicolaus admitted in a prologue, he had simply copied it from the Summa of Astesanus (Book 5, ch.32).

TEXTS: 1. Supplementum, Early Printed Editions: Venice 1473 (twice), 1474, 1476, 1477, 1479, 1481, 1482, 1483, 1485, 1489; Genua 1474; Nürnberg 1475, 1478; Milan 1479; Cologne 1479, 1483; Reutlingen 1482; Vercelli 1485 (Hain 2149-72); Lyons 1519; Paris 1623, 1642.

2. Canones penitentiales ex summa Astesana excerpti, Early Printed Editions: Hain 4360-63, 15445-46; Venice 1584, 1585; also as an appendix to the Decretum Gratiani, ed. Rome 1578.

LITERATURE: J. Dietterle, `Die "Summae confessorum (sive de casibus conscientiae)" von Anfängen an bis Silvester Prierias', ZKG 27 (1906) 183-88. P. Michaud-Quantin, Sommes de casuistique et manuels de confession au moyen âge (Louvain - Lille - Montreal 1962) 62-64. R. Naz, `Nicolas d'Osimo, ab Ausmo ou ab Auximano', DDC 6 (1957) 1009-10. J. Sbaralea, Supplementum ad scriptores trium ordinum S. Francisci II (Rome 1921) 266-68. Schulte, QL II 535-37
 
 
 
 

Nicolaus Capellanus. Only known as the author of a Margarita which exists in a Paris manuscript. His work is an abbreviation of the Margarita of Bernardus Compostellanus junior and Baldus.

TEXTS: Summa margaritae super Innocentiam, MAUSCRIPT: Paris, B.N. lat. 8025.

LITERATURE: Schulte, QL II 397-98.
 
 
 
 

Nicolaus Capocius Romanus (perhaps to be identified with Nicolaus Cappellanus and/or Nicolaus de Tuberto). This canonist is mentioned in Johannes Andreae's additiones to the Speculum of William Duranti (de accusat. § sequitur uidere s.v. Quid), and by Albericus de Rosate Statut. P.IV q.39, 45, and 89), and by Diplovatatius (f.219). He was a Roman and a cardinal at some point during Albericus's working life. Diplovatatius identified him with Nicolaus de Tuberto.

LITERATURE: Schulte, QL II 397-98
 
 
 
 

Nicolaus de Colle Corvino was member of the Dominican of Naples in 1337. He wrote an abbreviation of Gratian's Decretum in alphabetical order.

TEXT: Corvina super Decretum Gratiani, MANUSCRIPTS: Basel, Universitätsbibl. C.ii.12; Rome, Conv. S. Clemente 6; Salamanca, Univ. 2476; Stuttgart, Landesbibl. HB vi.93a.b; Vatican City, Arch. S. Pietro A.28.

LITERATURE: T. Kaeppeli, Scriptores ordinis praedicatorum medii aevi 3 (Rome 1980) 153.
 
 
 
 

Nicolaus Cusanus (Nicholas of Cusa, of Cues, Nikolaus von Kues) born 1401 in Kues on the Moselle. N. studied law at Padua 1417-23, promoted to doctor decretorum in 1423. Therafter, N. taught canon law briefly at Cologne. From 1425, N. was serving as the secretary to the Archbishop of Trier. He refused appointment as a professor of canon law at the University of Löwen in 1428 and again in 1435. When the see of Trier fell vacant in 1429, N. supported the claim of Ulrich of Manderscheid against the papal choice, Hrabanus of Helmstedt. In 1430, N. carried the fight to the Council of Basel. Although N. was not able to prevail, he became a major figure at the council. N. proposed approaches to the Hussites which were adopted by the Council. At first, N. supported the council against the Pope, but as dissent and rancor grew and the opportunity for reunification with the Orthodox church presented itself, N. switched his support to the pope. He was one of three commissioners sent to Constantinople to negotiate in 1437. N. was elevated to the Cardinalate in 1448. In 1451 he travelled through Germany as a papal legate on a misssion to reform churches. In 1452, N. was made bishop of Bressanone. For the next twelve years, he attempted to liberate the diocese from the domination of Duke Sigismund. On two occasions the dispute erupted into violence which forced N. to flee to Rome. On August 11, 1464, as N. was returning from his second flight he fell ill and died in the city of Todi.

Nicolaus Cusanus was primarily a philosopher and theologian. Nevertheless, he was trained as a canon law jurist, was employed as such and briefly taught canon law in Cologne. N.'s library includes a manuscript of glosses on Book II of the Decretales of Gregory IX by his teacher Prosdocimo Conti which has marginal glosses by N. himself. His De concordantia catholica is more a work of philosophy than of law, but many of its arguments and authorities are canonistic in origin. N. also wrote, during his involvement with Basliean conciliarism, a few sermons or tractatus on the authority of the council and the pope which have a signifigant canon law content. In addition to these identified works, Kenneth Pennington reports that manuscripts of the Decretum and the Decretales in the library at Kues contain a substantial number of marginal glosses written by Nicolaus himself.

TEXTS: 1. Lectura in Decretales Gregorii Noni (Liber II) Prosdocimi Conti cum glossis Nicolai, Bernkastel-Kues, Sankt-Nikolaus-Hospital, Cusanus-Stiftsbibl. 220, fol. 152r-276v.

2. De concordantia catholica

3. De potestate pape et concilii

LITERATURE: Niccolò Cusano agli inizi del mondo moderno: Atti del congresso internazionale in occasione del V centenario della morte, Bressanone 6-10 Settembre 1964 (Facoltà di Magistero dell'Univ. di Padova 12: Florence 1970). N. Grass, `Cusanus als Rechtshistoriker, Quellenkritiker und Jurist. Skizzen und Fragmente', in Cusanus-Gedächtnisschrift (Innsbruck-Munich 1970) 101-210. H. Hallauer, `Nikolaus von Kues und das Chorherrenstift Neustift', Festschrift Nicholas Grass I, 309. A. Krchnák, `Die kanonistischen Aufzeichnungen des Nikolaus von Kues in Cod. Cus. 220 als Mitschrift einer Vorlesung seines Paduaner Lehrers Prosdocimus de Comitibus', Mitteilungen und Forschungsbeiträge der Cusanus-Gesellschaft 2 (1962) 67-84. Erich Meuthen, `Nikolaus von Kues und der Laie in der Kirche', HJ 81 (1962) 101-22; idem, Nikolaus von Kues 1401-64. Skizze einer Biographie (Münster 1964). P. Sambin, `Nicolò da Cusa, studente a Padova e abitante nella casa di Prosdocimo Conti suo maestro', Quaderni per la storia dell'Università di Padova 12 (1979) 141-45. Hans Gerhard Senger, `Nikolaus von Kues', DLMA 6 (1987) 1093-1113. Paul Sigmund, Nicholas of Cusa and medieval political thought (Cambridge MA. 1963). Morimichi Watanabe, The political ideas of Nicholas of Cusa(Geneva 1963); idem, `The episcopal election of 1430 in Trier and Nicholas of Cusa', Church History 39 (1970) 299-316; idem, `Authority and consent in Church governement: Panormitanus, Aeneas Sylvius, Cusanus', Journal of the History of Ideas 33 (1972) 177-202. Rudolf Weigand, Review of M. Watanabe, political ideas, Archiv für katholisches Kirchenrecht 133 (1964) 262-65; AHP 3 (1965) 459.
 
 
 
 

Nicolaus de Dinkelsbühl (1360-1433) studied the liberal arts and theology in Vienna and eventually became a professor in both faculties (since 1385), where he continued to teach until ca.1431. Besides several theological, political and moral works, he also wrote a penitential treatise which had some bearing on matters of canon law.

TEXTS: De tribus partibus penitentie, Early Printed Editions: Strasbourg 1516; MANUSCRIPTS: Einsiedeln, Stiftsbibl. 214; Karlsruhe, Landesbibl. 92, 93; Klagenfurt, Stiftsbibl. XXXI.b.13; Klosterneuburg, Stiftsbibl. 341, 370, 371, 416, 426; Paris, Bibl. Maz. 903; Prague, Univ. knihovna I.C.15, III.C.4; Sélestat, Bibl. Munic. 63, 82; Strasbourg, Univ. 22, 28, 36.

LITERATURE: P. Michaud-Quantin, Sommes de casuistique et manuels de confession au moyen âge (Louvain - Lille - Montreal 1962) 79. Schulte, QL II 399.
 
 
 
 

Nicolaus de Metis (late 14th century). Nothing is known other than that he left a work on the Decretum which is related to the Rosarium of Guido de Baysio and exists in a manuscript in Erfurt.

TEXTS: Repertorium in Decretum, MANUSCRIPT: Erfurt, Stadtbibl. 188 f.

LITERATURE: Schulte, QL II 400.
 
 
 
 

Nicolaus de Tuberto (perhaps to be identified with Nicolaus Capocius and/or Nicolaus Capocius). According to Diplovatatius, this Nicolaus wrote Consilia.

LITERATURE: Schulte, QL II 398.
 
 
 
 

Nicolaus de Tudeschis (Panormitanus, Abbas siculus, Abbas Modernus) (1386-1445) N. was the last great canonist in the medieval tradition. Born 1386 in Catania, Sicily, N. studied canon law in Bologna and Padua. N. called Franciscus Zabarella his master, and also studied under Antonius de Butrio. N. Began teaching canon law in Bologna in 1412; but that same year he moved on to Parma where he taught until 1418. In that year N. moved again to Siena where he taught until 1430. Among his students from this period were Marianus Socinus. In 1421 he was named Auditor generalis of the Camera Apostolica. In 1424, N. participated in the abortive council of Sienna. N. had entered the Benedictine order in his youth and in 1425 became the abbot of the monastery of St. Maria de Maniaco in Messina. In 1431, N. began lecturing in Bologna.

In 1433 N. was sent as a delegate by Pope Eugenius IV to the Council of Basel; however, when he was confronted with the anti-conciliar position enunciated in the spurious bull, Deus novit, he joined the conciliar party against the pope. Although his canonistic works betray an essentially papalist orientation, as the conflict between the Council and the Pope heated up, Panormitanus crafted legal arguments strongly favoring the authority of the council against the Pope. In 1434, with the support of Alfonso V, King of Aragon and Sicily, N. was elected Archbishop of Palermo. During the years 1436-39, N. represented Alfonso at Basel. In 1440, he was named Cardinal by the antipope Felix V, and was sent back to Basel by Alfonso where he remained until 1443. In that year N. left Basel for the last time and returned to Sicily. N. died in Palermo in 1445 of plague.

As a canonist, N. tried to integrate theological learning into jurisprudence; and so, for example, his incomplete work on the Decretum includes a discussion of Aquinas and natural law. He wrote large Lectura on the Decretales, the Liber Sext, and the the Clementines, a small work on the Decretum, a number of Consilia, and a series of Questiones, Repetitiones and Disputationes, as well as a work, Flores utriusque iuris, on the Council of Basel. He seems also to have written a manual on procedure.    For a detailed discussion of his life and works, click here.

TEXTS: 1. Lectura in Decretales (completed ca. 1436), Early Printed Editions: Venice 1473, 1476, 1477, 1482-83, 1484, 1492-93; Basel 1477, 1480-81; Rome 1480; Nürnberg 1485-86. Nicolaus did not write on the section X 1.9.6 to X 1.28. In the printed editions, this gap is sometimes left blank, sometimes filled in with the gloss of Antonius de Butrio, and in a few cases filled in with an apparatus from an unknown jurist which has been falsly (and deliberately) attributed to Nicolaus (see Pennington, `Panormitanus' Lectura'); MANUSCRIPT: Breslau, Universiätsbibl. II.F.51 (books 4 and 5); Prague, Kap. J.4 (ends at X 2.18.3); J.56; Göttweig, Stiftsbibl. 418; Berlin, Staatsbibl. Lat. fol. 164; Munich, Clm 5322; Clm 5473; Clm 5474; Clm 6534-37; Clm 6553-54; Laon, Bibl. Munic. 369.

2. Lectura in Sextum, Early Printed Editions: Venice 1479 (Hain 12335)

3. Lectura in Clementinas, Early Printed Editions: Cologne 1474, Rome 1474, Cologne 1477, Cologne 1480, Venice 1488, Venice 1490, Venice 1496 (Hain 12336-12342); MANUSCRIPTS: Munich, Clm 6604; lat. 8303; lat. 8456; St. Omer, Bibl. Munic. 512; Cologne, Jes. Gymnas. 173.

4. Commentaria ad Decretum (begun 8 December 1436), MANUSCRIPT: Lucca, Bibl. Capit. Feliniania 160, fol. 250v-263v.

5. Consilia, Early Printed Editions: Bologna 1474, Ferrara 1475, [no location] 1475, Venice 1480, Venice 1496 (Hain 12343-12353, 12361).

6. Repetitiones, Early Printed Editions: Venice 1474, [no location] 1490 (Hain 12354-12358).

7. Disputationes, Early Printed Editions: (Hain 12354-12358, 12361).

8. Flores utriusque iuris, Early Printed Editions: Cologne 1500 (Hain 12371).

9. Ordo iudiciarius, Early Printed Editions: Venice 1488 (two editions)

10. Tractatus de concilio Basiliensi (a sermon given in the Frankfurt Reichstag in 1442 which defended Basliean conciliarism. This work sometimes appears with N.'s Consilia), EDITION: Deutsche Reichstagakten xvi, 438-538; Monumenta conciliorum generalium seculi xv.

LITERATURE: Antony J. Black, `The political ideas of conciliarism and papalism', JEH 20 (1969) 47-50; idem, `Panormitanus on the Decretum', Traditio 26 (1970) 440-44; idem, Monarchy and Community(Cambridge: 1981). F. Brandileone, `Notizie su Graziano e su Niccolo de Tudeschis tratte da una cronaca inedita', Studi e Memorie per la storia dell'Università di Bologna 1 (1909) 9-21. R.W. Clement, `A Newly discovered Fifteenth-Century Manuscript of the Lectura of Niccolo de Tudeschis', Manuscripta 29 (1985) 24-29. J. Fleury, `Le conciliarisme des canonistes au Concile de Bâle d'apres le Panormitain', Mélanges Roger Sécrétan (Lausanne 1964) 47-66. E.F.Jacob, `Panormitanus and the Council of Basel', Proceedings Stasbourg (MIC C-4; Vatican City 1971) 205-16. Charles Lefebvre, `L'enseignement de Nicolas de Tudeschis et l'autorité pontificale', Ephemerides Iuris Canonici 14 (1959); idem, `Panormitain', DDC 6 (1957) 1195-1215. Knut Wolfgang Nörr, Kirche und Konzil bei Nicholas de Tudeschis (Forschungen zur Kirchlichen Rechtsgeschichte und zum Kirchenrecht 4: Böhlau 1964). Kenneth Pennington, `Panormitanus's Lectura on the Decretals of Gregory IX.', Fälschungen im Mittelalter: Internationaler Kongreß der Monumenta Germaniæ Historica München. 16.-19. September 1986: Gefälschte Rechtstexte: Der bestrafte Fälscher. Schriften der Monumenta Germaniæ Historica 33. 1-6, Volume 2. Hannover: Hahnsche Buchhandlung, 1988: 363-373. Schulte, QL II 312-13. Hermann Schüssler, der Primat der heiligen Schrift als theologisches und kanonistisches Problem im Spätmittelalter (1977) 172-224. J. Schweizer, Nicolaus de'Tudeschis...seine Tätigkeit am Basler Konzil(Strasbourg 1924). Morimichi Watanabe, `Authority and consent in Church governement: Panormitanus, Aeneas Sylvius, Cusanus', Journal of the History of Ideas 33 (1972) 217-36. R. Zeno, `Niccolo Tudisco ed un nuovo contributo alla storia del Concilio di Basilea', Archivo Storico per la Sicilia orientale (1908).
 
 
 
 

Octavantes Florentinus appears as the vicar of the Bolognese bishop in 1278, and as a lecturer on the Decretum from 1305-1307.

LITERATURE: Schulte, QL II 174.
 
 
 
 

Oldradus de Ponte (de Laude) Little is known of this jurist. He was likely from Lodi and studied in Bologna with Jacobus de Arena and the civilian Dinus. Before 1307 Oldradus served as an assessor in Bologna and he may have taught Roman law there. In 1307, Oldradus moved to Padua where he taught Roman law until early in 1311. Johannes Andrea records having held public disputations with him in Padua. Among Oldradus's students were Albericus de Rosate and perhaps Bartolus. A manuscript at Cornell University which contains consilia from a number of jurists who taught at Perugia includes a single consilium of Oldradus. This is in harmony with Oldradus having been a teacher of Bartolus who studied at Perugia and suggests that Oldradus may have taught briefly there. Diplovatatius claimed that Oldradus taught law at Sienna and Montpellier, based on an account in a Tractatus de commemmoratione attributed to Baldus de Ubaldis. This work remains a mystery and thus Diplovatatius's claim must be treated with skepticism. Evidence from a charter at Lérida suggests that Oldradus may have given lectures there. In 1311, Oldradus went to the papal court in Avignon as the protege of Peter Cardinal Colonna. Oldradus served as an auditor and judge in the Rota at Avignon for the rest of his life. It is likely that he also taught in the law school in Avignon. It is thought that Oldradus exercised a considerable influence over the legal business and politics of the curia. The traditional date of his death is usually stated as 1335; however, Thomas Fastolf wrote that Oldradus was debating cases in the Rota in 1336/1337 and evidence from his consilia indicates that he was alive as late as 1343.

Oldradus wrote several hundred consilia which display a most penetrating and creative legal mind. Two of his consilia (#43 and #69 in the Vulgate series) seem to have been used as the basis for Clement V's decretal Pastoralis cura, in which the Pope repudiated the claims of the Emperor Henry VII to cite King Robert of Naples for rebellion.

Oldradus was one of the first canonists not only to write a large number of consilia on actual legal problems, but also to collect them. His consilia collection helped to establish this genre as the principal form of legal discourse in the Later Middle ages.

TEXTS: Consilia et Quaestiones, MANUSCRIPTS: Basel, öffentliche Bibliothek der Universität Basel, C.III.14; Bologna, Bibl. Albornoziana del Collegio di Spagna, 27, fol. 145-153; Bologna, Bibl. Albornoziana del Collegio di Spagna, 83; Bologna, Bibl. Albornoziana del Collegio di Spagna, 207; Bordeaux, Bibl. de la Ville 404, fol. 4v-168v; Dresden, Sächsische Landesbibl. B.87, fol. 209-235v (begins as Clm. 5463); Eichstätt, Universitätsbibl. 502; Florence, Bibl. Naz. Centrale Magliabecchi XXIX 174; Graz, 59, fol. 261-280v; Hannover, SB Mag. 53; Lawrence Kansas, Kenneth Spencer Research Libr. MS G18; Kues, St. Nikolaus-Hospital Cusanusstiftsbibl. 277; Lucca, Bibl. Capit. Felin. Curia Arcivescovile 301; Lucca, Bibl. Capit. Felin. Curia Arcivescovile 415, fol. 1-174; Metz, 75 (1469); Munich, Clm 3638; Clm 5463; Oxford, New College 217, fol. 171-351; Paris, B.N. lat. 4276 A; Paris, B.N. lat. 14335, fol. 7- ; Pistoia, EF, A. 40, fol. 18v, 21; Private Possession (Antiquariat Keip, Frankfurt) MS 1987 (264 consilia; Rome, Bibl. Angelica 275, fol. 167-70; Strängnäs, Kathedralbibl. F. mai. 2; Torino, BN H.I.9, fol. 1-178; Tübingen, Universitätsbibl. 17; Uppsala, C.537, fol. 225r-334v; Uppsala, C.545, fol. 1r-198v; Venice, BNB Marc. lat. V 117, fol. 35-36; Vatican City, Vat. lat 2642, fol. 133; Vat. lat. 2653 (1426); Vat. lat. 8068, fol. 107, 188v; Vat. Ross. lat. 1096 (early 15th cent.); Vat. Urb. lat. 1132, fol. 142; Zeitz, Stiftsbibl. (antea 27) (1409) fol. 2-157v. Consilia not in the collections: Cornell University, Olin Libr. MS k5++ Consilia legalia pp. 101-103: `Consueuit dubitari an dicens alicui uerbum iniuriosum ... bene udes et omnes diuersitates'. Early Printed Editions: Rome: Adam Rot Metensis 1472 (Hain 9932), 264 consilia; Rome 1476 (Hain 9933), 274 consilia; Rome 1478 (Hain 9934) and all later editions, 333 consilia; [Basel]: Eberhard Frommholt 1481 (Hain 9935); Venice: Bernardinus de Tridino 1490 (Hain 9936); Bologna: Ugo de Rugeriis 1495 (Hain 9937); Venice: Bernardinus de Tridino 1499 (Hain 9938). DISCUSSION:The total number of Oldradus's consilia is not certain. The manuscripts which contain them have no more than 274 consilia; however, most of the printed editions contain 333 consilia. The difference is made up, according to the editor of the earliest such edition (Rome 1478), out of consilia culled from other books. Whether these consilia were written by Oldradus or not remains in doubt. The manuscripts themselves present the consilia in three different series. Most manuscripts follow a series from 1-264, sometimes with ten consilia added at the end (Munich, Clm 3638 and Vat. Ross. lat. 1096 for example). All the printed editions follow this series, but most of these have a further addition of fifty-nine consilia at the end, bringing the total to 333. Only one of these fifty-nine added consilia have been found in any manuscript. The single exception is #276 which is simply a repetion of #239. A second series, which is present in Clm 5463 and partially in Dresden B.87, is complete with 223 consilia. This series is most probably an earlier collection since all the 220 consilia are included in the Vulgate Series, and because the consilia in this series make very few references to the Clementines. The other consilia in the Vulgate Series make many more allegations to the Clementines. A third exists in a manuscript in private possession (Antiquariat Keip, Frankfurt MS 1987) which contains 264 consilia. This series is clearly related to the Vulgate Series also since it keeps the same sequence in certain segments (thus VS #2-44 = Keip #158-199 and VS #179-257 = Keip #69-147); but whether it precedes or derives from the Vulgate series is not clear. It certainly is not directly related to the series of Clm 5463 since the third series has consilia which are not in the earlier series, and lacks any common sequences of consilia which are not also in the Vulgate Series. Additionally, it is not known whether there are a signifigant number of Oldradus's consilia which circulated apart from his own collection. Much work remains to be done.

LITERATURE: Luigi Anfosso, `Oldrado da Ponte e le sue opere', Archivio storico lodigiano 32 (1913), fasc.3. Ingrid Baumgärtner, `Et faciendi plures libros nullus est finis. Der Sinn von Büchern oder der Bildungshorizont eines spätmittelalterlichen Juristen', Universität und Bildung. Festschrift für Laetitia Böhm zum 60. Geburtstag, ed. W. Müller, W. Smolka, H. Zedelmaier (Munich 1991) 55-70. Francesco Migliorino, `Alchimia lecita e illecita nel trecento: Oldrado da Ponte', Quaderni Medievali 11 (1981) 6-41. Karl Mommsen, `Oldradus de Ponte als Gutachter für das Kloster Allerheiligen in Schaffenhausen', ZRG Kan. Abt. 62 (1976) 173-93. Kenneth Pennington, `Oldradus de Ponte's Attitudes Toward Jews and Muslims'(1991). William Stalls, `Jewish conversion to Islam; The perspective of a quaestio', Revista española de Teologia 43 (1983) 235-51. Eduard Will, Die Gutachten des Oldradus de Ponte zum Prozeß Heinrichs VII. gegen Robert von Neapel (Abhandlungen zur mittleren und neueren Geschichte 65: Berlin/Leipzig 1917). Norman Zacour, Jews and Saracens in the Consilia of Oldradus de Ponte (Pontifical Institute Studies and Texts 100: Toronto 1990).
 
 
 
 

Ottonello Pasini (teaching in Padua around 1448?)

LITERATURE: Belloni, Professori giuristi 323.
 
 
 
 

Pacifico de Novara, born in 1420, entered the Franciscan order in 1445. He is the author of a confessional manual, Summa pacifica, written in Italian. He died in 1482.

TEXTS: Summa pacifica, Early Printed Editions: Milan 1479, Brescia 1497 (Hain 12229, 15183); Venice 1501, 1506, 1509, 1513, 1518, 1535, 1563, 1574, 1579, 1581.

LITERATURE: P. Michaud-Quantin, Sommes de casuistique et manuels de confession au moyen âge (Louvain - Lille - Montreal 1962) 75-76. J. Sbaralea, Supplementum ad scriptores trium ordinum S. Francisci II (Rome 1921) 302.
 
 
 
 

Palmericus de Casulis was doctor decretorum by 1290. Taught canon law at Bologna 1297. In 1303, his brothers were banished from Bologna as members of the Parte Ghibellina. His own name appears in the Bolognese records until 1308. It is known that he wrote quaestiones or disputationes which were used by Johannes Andreae.

TEXTS: Quaestiones, MANUSCRIPTS: Bamberg, Staatsbibl. P.II.23; Darmstadt, Landesbibl. 853; Wroclaw, Univ. II.F.53.

LITERATURE: Schulte, QL II 169-70.
 
 
 
 

Panormitanus (see Nicholas de Tudeschis)
 
 
 
 

Paulus de Aretio (d'Arezzo), born in Florence c.1400, studied law at Padua c.1425. Teaching there 1430-31.

TEXTS: 1. Lectura super primo libro decretalium, MANUSCRIPT: Munich, Clm 6594.

2. Lectura super IV librum decretalium, MANUSCRIPT: Eichstätt, Universitätsbibl. 486.

3. Consilia, MANUSCRIPTS: Ravenna, Bibl. Classense 484; Ravenna, Bibl. Classense 485, vol. vii, ix; Venice, Bibl. Naz. Marciana lat. V 2 (2324)

LITERATURE: Belloni, Professori giuristi 282-83. P.Sambin, `Giuristi padovani del Quattrocento tra attività universitaria e attività pubblica: Paolo d'Arezzo (+1443) e i suoi libri', in Università e società nei secoli XII-XVI. Atti del nono Convegno internazionale di studio tenuto a Pistoia nei giorni 20-25 settembre 1979 (Pistoia) 367-97. Schulte, QL II 300.
 
 
 
 

Paulus Cittadinus was born in Milan, taught law in Pavia and became there rector of the Castillian college. From 1495 until 1506, P. taught civil law in Freiburg. He was still alive in 1514.

TEXTS: De iure patronatus, EDITION: Frankfurt 1603.

LITERATURE: Schulte, QL II 341-42.
 
 
 
 

Paulus de Doctis (Dotti) was professor of canon law in Padua from 1422-48. He died after 1455.

TEXTS: 1. Lectura in librum II decretalium, tit. de iudiciis (X 2.1), MANUSCRIPTS: Eichstätt, Universitätsbibl. 486, fol. 41-165.

2. Repetitio in c. `Raynuntius' tit. de testamentis (X 3.26.16), MANUSCRIPT: Eichstätt, Universitätsbibl. 486, fol. 171-192.

3. Consilia, MANUSCRIPTS: Ravenna, Bibl. Classense 485, vol. iii, v, vii; Venice, Bibl. Naz. Marciana lat. V 2 (2324).

LITERATURE: Belloni, Professori giuristi 292-94, 323. Schulte, QL II 400-01.
 
 
 
 

Paulus Florentinus was professor of theology at Rome during the pontificate of Innocent (VII?).

TEXTS: Breuiarium Decretalium, Sexti et Clementinarum, Early Printed Editions: Milan 1478, 1479; Lyons 1484; Memmingen 1486, 1499; Basel 1487 (Hain 7158-63).

LITERATURE: Schulte, QL II 401.
 
 
 
 

Paulus de Liazariis (de Cospis). Born likely in last decade of 13th century. Taught canon law at Bologna from 1321. He was a student and disciple of Johannes Andreae. In 1325, D. left Bologna to teach in Perugia until 1333, when he returned to Bologna. In 1338, P. headed a legation to Pope Benedict XII in Avignon. P.'s most important student was Johannes de Legnano. P. died in 1356 in Bologna.

TEXTS: 1. Epitome Clementinarum

2. Lectura super Clementinis, MANUSCRIPTS: Deene Park (Corby, Northamptonshire, England), Libr. of G.L.T. Brudenell, xviii.A.2, fol. 5r-119r; Hereford, Cathed. O.viii.5, fol. 1r-87r; Oxford, Bodleian Libr. lat. misc. b.20/1-2. fol. 5r-119r; Oxford, Exeter Coll. Libr. 17, fol. 174r-245v; Oxford, New Coll. Libr. 180, fol. 131r-190v; Paris, B.N. lat. 4102, fol. 1r-69v; lat. 4136 (part 3 - 60 folios); Salisbury, Cathed. Libr. 31, fol. 1r-51r.

3. Apostilla in Clementinas, MANUSCRIPTS: Kaliningrad, Universitätsbibl. 174, fol. 54r-58v.

4. Repititiones super aliquot capita decretalium, Early Printed Editions: Sens 1493; Venice 1496; Florence 1496.

5. Questiones, Early Printed Edition: Venice 1496.

6. Divisio decreti (for an edition see G. Rossi, `Per la storia...parti'.)

7. Practica de Electione, MANUSCRIPT: Paris B.N. MS lat. 4030.

8. Tractatus de causa possessionis et proprietatis

9. Consilia

LITERATURE: R.Chabanne, `Paulus de Liazariis', DDC 6 (1957) 1276-77. G. Rossi, `Per la storia della divisione del "Decretum Gratiani" e delle sue parti', Il diritto ecclesiastico 67 (1956) 201-311. Schulte, QL II 246-47.
 
 
 
 

Paulus Peluzii, named as a `decretorum doctor' in a consilium in a miscellaneous collection of consilia from the fourteenth century in a manuscript at Cornell University. The manuscript seems to be limited to works by Perugian jurists, suggesting that this canonist taught there.

TEXTS: Cornell University, Olin Libr. MS K5++, pp. 124-48.

LITERATURE:
 
 
 
 

Paulus Presbyter de Sancto Nicolao (in Passau), wrote a confessional work (14th c.):

TEXTS: Quoniam circa confessionem periculs sunt animarum et difficultates, MANUSCRIPTS: Angers, Bib. Munic. 381; Prague, Univ. knihovna III. D. 13; Munich, Clm 3238; Clm 4586; Clm 4782a; Clm 3409; Lambach, Stiftsbibl. 134.

LITERATURE: Schulte, QL II 531-32.
 
 
 
 

Paulus Rypen was a Dominican lecturer at Leipzig around 1400.

TEXT: Tractatus de penitentia et confessione, MANUSCRIPT: Ceský Krumlov, Mus. M.9, fol. 1-168.

LITERATURE: T. Kaeppeli, Scriptores ordinis praedicatorum medii aevi 3 (Rome 1980) 208.
 
 
 
 

Paulus Vladimiri

TEXTS:

LITERATURE: S.Belch, Paulus Vladimiri and his doctrine concerning International law and politics, 2 vols. (The Hague 1965). J.W.Wos, `Le opere di Paulus Wladimiri', Rivista di filosofia neo-scolastico62 (1970) 173-75; idem, `De potestate pape et imperatoris apud Paulus Wladimiri contributo alla conoscenza di un personaggio che fu presente al concilio di Pisa del 1409', Bolletino storico Pisano39 (1970) 55-67.
 
 
 
 

Paulus Wann, a well known canon and Dominican preacher living in Passau in the 1460's. P. wrote a confessional work.

TEXTS: Confessionale, MANUSCRIPTS: Lambach, Stiftsbibl. 56, 222, 223, 328, 461.

LITERATURE: Schulte, QL II 529.
 
 
 
 

Pedro Gómez Barroso (1320/21-1374) is the author of a penitential work in Catalan.

TEXT: Confesional, MANUSCRIPT; Escorial, iv.11, fols. 1r-114r.

LITERATURE: A.García y García, `La canonística española posclasica', SG 19 (1976) 241.
 
 
 
 

Pedro Díaz de Costana is mentioned at the University of Salamanca between 1469 and 1479. He wrote a confessional treatise.

TEXT: Tractatus de confessione sacramentali, EDITION: Salamanca (1500?).

LITERATURE: A. García y García, `La canonística ibérica medieval posterior al Decreto de Graciano', Repertorio de historia de las ciencias eclesiasticas de España 5 (Salamanca 1976) 384.
 
 
 
 

Pedro Fernández de Villegas, archdeacon of Burgos, wrote, among other things, a sacramental treatise that was published numerous times.

TEXT:1. Flosculus sacramentorum, EDITIONS: Burgos 1499, 1518, 1520, 1526, 1558 (put on the papal index); Paris 1510; Alcalá 1526, 1532, 1564; Viseu 1572; Coimbra 1589; also together with the Stella clericorum  that was at one time attributed to Petrus de Luna but is now thought to be a tract of the thirteenth century (see Eric H. Reiter): Zamora 1537; Zaragoza 1564.

LITERATURE: A. García y García, `La canonística ibérica medieval posterior al Decreto de Graciano', Repertorio de historia de las ciencias eclesiasticas de España 5 (Salamanca 1976) 385;  Eric H. Reiter, Stella clericorum: Edited from Wavreumont [Stavelot], Monastère St-Rémacle, MS. s.n. (Toronto Medieval Latin Texts, 23; Toronto: 1997).

Information on the Stella clericorum provided by Eric H. Reiter, Concordia University, Montreal
 
 
 
 

Petrus de Ancharano, born ca.1333 in Tuscany. Studied first Roman law at Perugia under Baldus and later Canon law at Bologna under Bartholomeus de Saliceto. He was a colleague of Zabarella and Antonius da Butrio. From 1384, P. embarked upon the sort of vagabond half-teaching, half-official career that was common in the later Middle Ages. In 1384 P. became a consultor for the city of Venice. He may have taught law intermittently at Padua from 1385-87. During 1387-90 he was teaching law in Sienna. He returned to Venice and remained here until at least 1392. From 1395 P. was teaching law in Bologna and was employed as a consultor by the city. In 1402 P. was called to a chair in canon law in Ferrara by Nicolo d'Este where he remained until 1405. P. then returned to Bologna. In 1409 he attended the Council of Pisa as a representative of the University of Bologna. He attended also the opening of the Council of Constance, but remained only a short time before returning to Bologna where he died in 1416. Among his students were Antonius da Butrio, Johannes de Imola, and Panormitanus.

TEXTS: 1. Commentaria in quinque libros Decretalium (X), Early Printed Edition: Lyons 1535-43.

2. Lectura super Sexto, Early Printed Edition: Lyons 1517.

3. Lectura super Clementinas, Early Printed Editions: Venice 1483, Milan 1494 (Hain 956-51)

4. Repetititiones, Early Printed Editions: Bologna 1474, Rome 1475, Bologna 1475, Rome 1475, Bologna 1493, Venice 1493, Bologna 1498 Venice 1500 (Hain 948-55).

5. Consilia, Early Printed Editions: Rome 1474, Venice 1490, Pavia 1496 (Hain 945-47)

6. Allegationes iuris pro concilio Pisano.

7. Disputatio de laico homicida qui effractis carceribus aufugiens se promoueri fecit ad sacerdotium,

LITERATURE: P. G. Caron, `Ancharano, Pietro (d')', NDI 1,1 (19XX) 615-16. Julius Kirshner, `A Quaestio de usuris falsely attributed to Bartolus of Sassoferrato', Renaissance Quarterly 22 (1969) 256-61. Charles Lefebvre and R. Chabanne, `Pierre d'Ancarano', DDC 6 (1957), 1464-1471. Schulte, QL II 278-82. J.Vincke, Schriftstücke zum Pisaner Konzil (Beiträge zur Kirchen- und Rechtsgeschichte).
 
 
 
 

Petrus de Andlau, born c.1420, studied canon law at Heidelberg (1438-43) and Padua (1443-44). Since 1460, at the opening of the University of Basel, he is mentioned as doctor dercetorum. He lectured there on the decretals as an extraordinary professor.

TEXTS: 1. Lectura super Sexto et Clementinis, MANUSCRIPT: Basel, Universitätsbibl. C.II.28.

2. Libellus de caesarea monarchia, EDITION: J. Hürbin, `Der "Libellus de caesarea monarchia" von Hermann Peter aus Andlau', ZRG Germ. Abt. 12 (1891) 34-103, 13 (1892) 163-219.

LITERATURE: J. Hürbin, Peter von Andlau (Strassburg 1897). Helmut Walther, `Gelehrtes Recht, Stadt, und Reich in der politischen Theorie des Basler Kanonisten Peter von Andlau', Lebenslehren und Weltentwürfe im Übergang vom Mittelalter zur Neuzeit (Abhandlungen der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Göttingen - Philologisch-Historische Klasse, third series, no. 179: Göttingen 1989) 77-111.
 
 
 
 

Petrus Bagarottus, a Paduan, studied canon law at his home university, where he first appeared as a doctor and teacher of canon law in 1458. Since 1471, he held lectures on the Liber sextusand the Clementines. He died in 1482.

TEXTS: Consilia, MANUSCRIPTS: Ravenna, Bibl. Class. 485

LITERATURE: A. Belloni, Professori giuristi 320. M. Caravale, `Bagarotto, Pietro', DBI 5 (1963) 174.
 
 
 
 

Petrus de Belluga (Pedro Belluga) (1390-1468?)

TEXTS: Speculum principis

LITERATURE: A. García y García, `El derecho en el "Speculum principis" de Belluga', AHDE 42 (1972) 189-216.
 
 
 
 

Petrus Bertrandus, born 1280 in Annonay near Vienne. Studied law at Orleans, Avignon, and theology at Montpellier, where he received doctorate in utroque iure in 1301 and became professor of canon law at Avignon. In 1307 he became professor in both laws at Montpellier. In 1312 he took up chairs in canon law in Paris and civil law in Orleans. P. also served as a pleader in the Parlement of Paris. He held a large number of ecclesiastical offices and performed various diplomatic missions for the papacy and the French monarchy. In 1320 he was named bishop of Nevers and in 1325 he became bishop of Autun. He participated in the so-called council of Vincennes, which was held from December 15, 1329 to January 7, 1330. At this council, P. defended the traditional interwoven but separate Church-State relationship against Pierre de Cugnièrs, who advocated a much stronger separation between Church and State, with the State holding the dominant position. In 1331 P. became cardinal bishop. He died in Pujault in 1349.

TEXTS: 1. Libellus super iurisdictione ecclesiastica et temporali et de earum connexione et dissentione ad invicem, MANUSCRIPT: Paris B.N. lat 2622, 4226, 4227, 4228 4357, 4388, 10402, 12184, (French 25207], fond Moreau 697 (incomplete); Bordeaux 406; Troyes 1475, Beauvais, MS du Tribunal civil; Vatican City, Vat. Reg. lat. 1123.

2. De jurisdictione ecllesiastica et saeculari, MANUSCRIPT: Paris, B.N. Colbert. 2672.

3. De origine iurisdictionis

4. Apparatus Sexti libri Decretalium cum Clementinis, MANUSCRIPT: Paris B.N. lat. 4085; Paris, B.N. Colb. 241, 241, 446; Reims, Bibl. Munic. 737.

4. Tabula super Decretum, MANUSCRIPTS: Tours, Bibl. Munic. 563, 599.

5. Scrinium utriusque iuris, MANUSCRIPT: Reims, Bibl. Munic. 756-759.

LITERATURE: M.Déruelle, `Bertrand (Pierre)', DDC 2 (1937) 789-92. Paul Fournier, `Le Cardinal Pierre Bertrand, Canoniste', HLF 37 (1936-38) 85-120. Schulte, QL II 235-36. Olivier Martin, `Note sur le "De origine iurisdictionum",' Melanges Fitting (1908) II, 104-19.
 
 
 
 

Petrus Boherius (Bohier), born c. 1310-15 near Carcassonne (Southern France), soon joined the Benedictines and studied canon law under Johannes Johannis, abbot of Joncels. In 1350, he was elected abbot of St. Chinian, near Béziers. He stayed there until 1364, playing a leading role in the provincial chapters of his order. Probably an outcome of these administrative activities, he wrote legal commentaries on several papal bulls affecting the Benedictines and, above all, his first commentary on the Rule of Benedict (1361). In 1364, Pope Urban V appointed him to the bishopric of Orvieto and simultaneously made him his vicar in Rome. In 1369, he also received the see of Vaison, but remained involved in papal affairs at Orvieto. Resuming his literary activities, he wrote a `Tabula' on Gratian's Decretum (c. 1367-71) and presented a revised version of his comment on the Benedictine Rule to the monks of Subiaco (c.1373-77). At the outbreak of the schism, Petrus first sided with the French cardinals, which led to the loss of his Italian diocese (1378/79) and the return to his native France. There he became the chaplain of King Charles VI who assigned to him the task of writing a history of the popes. He completed it in 1380, in the form of a gloss on the Liber pontificalis. While working at it, he came to realize that Urban VI had a better claim to the papacy than his Avignonese opponent. Consequently, he returned to Italy in 1386, to submit to him. He died in winter, 1387-88.

TEXTS: 1. Commentary on `Summi magistri'(1336), Early Printed Edition: Benedictina seu Benedicti XII pontificis maximi constitutio cum commentario Petri Boherii (Paris 1519)

MANUSCRIPTS: see under 2.

2. Commentaries on `Dudum pro bono'(1340), `Pastor bonus'(1335), and `Cum pro reformatione'(1228), MANUSCRIPTS: Melk, Stiftsbibl. 149; Mantua, Bibl. Est. C.V.1, fol. 1-55.

3. Commentary on the Rule of St. Benedict, A. first recension: MANUSCRIPTS: Erlangen, Universitätsbibl. 155; Douai, Bibl. Munic. 379 both have appended an extended comment on Regula 38, s.v. `alicuius signi' by Bohier himself; for further copies, see U. Perovsky (ed.), SG 21.171-72, 178-84; B. second recension: EDITION: by L. Allodi, Petri Boherii in regulam S. Benedicti commentarium nunc primum editum (Subiaco 1908), on the basis of the autograph, MS Subiaco, S. Scolastica LIX.61.

4. Gloss on Speculum monachorum by Bernardus Casinensis, MANUSCRIPTS: Melk, Stiftsbibl. 149; Mantua, Bibl. Est. A.V.7, fol. 101-41 (in part); Vienna, ÖNB lat. 5135.

5. Tabula decreti, MANUSCRIPT: Prague, Univ. knihovna 1138, fol. 209-28v.

6. De canonica portione, MANUSCRIPT: Prague, Univ. knihovna 878, fol. 140v-45v.

LITERATURE: E. Petrucci, `Bohier, Pietro', DBI 11 (1969) 193-203. U. Prerovsky (ed.), Liber pontificalis nella recensione di Pietro Guglielmo OSB e del card. Pandolfo, glossato da Pietro Bohier OSB, vescovo di Orvieto, SG 21-23 (Rome 1978), esp. SG 21.133-371, SG 23. Schulte, QL II 256.
 
 
 
 

Petrus de Braco. born in Piacenza. (+before 1/14/1352). For most of his adult life, P. worked in the service of Etienne Aubert, professor of law at Toulouse, and a judge in the court of the senschal. He was an auditor sacri palatii. P. died just before his master was elected Pope Innocent VI (1352).

TEXTS: 1. Repertorium iuris canonici, MANUSCRIPTS: Angers, Bibl. Munic. 322; Paris, B.N. lat. 4139.

2. Compendium iuris canonici, MANUSCRIPT; Tours, Bibl. Munic. MS 561.

3. Opusculum compendiosum (20 contrarietates between the Glossa ordinaria on the Decretum and Liber X)

4. Limitationes Innocentii [this was an attempt to bring Innocent IV's Commentaria up to date with material from the Liber Sextus and the Clementines]

5. Repudium ambitionis [a verse satire on the papal court]

LITERATURE: R.Chabanne, `Pierre de Braco', DDC 6 (1957), 1473. Schulte, QL, II, 262-63. Norman Zacour, `Petrus de Braco and his Repudium ambitionis', Medieval Studies 41 (1971) 1-29.
 
 
 
 

Petrus Crassus (15th century), bothing is known about this canonist other than that he left a repetitio.

TEXTS: Repetitio ad c. `Cum ad sedem', de restit. spol., Early Printed Edition: Pavia 1494 (Hain 5811).

LITERATURE: Schulte, QL II 403.
 
 
 
 

Petrus de Hassia (14th century?). Nothing about this canonist is known other than that he wrote a work on ecclesiastical notaries

TEXTS: Summa notariae in foro ecclesiastico, MANUSCRIPT: Göttweig, Stiftsbibl. 183.

LITERATURE: Schulte, QL II 403
 
 
 
 

Petrus Joannis was a canonist and professor at Salamanca in the final years of the 14th c. He wrote commentaries on the Gregorian Decretals (books 1, 2, and 4) and the Clementines.

TEXTS: 1. Lectura super librum I, II, IV decretalium

2. Lectura super Clementinas

LITERATURE: A.García y García, `Los canonistas de la Universidad de Salamanca en los siglos XIV-XV', REDC 17 (1962) 175-90; idem, `La canonística española posclasica', SG 19 (1976) 239.
 
 
 
 

Petrus de Luna (see Benedict XIII)
 
 
 
 

Petrus Maurocenus (Pietro Morosini), born in Venice. P. first taught the Decretals in Padua, then he advanced through a series of ecclesiastical offices: apostolic protonotary, then Cardinal deacon by Gregory XII, and then served as a legate to Pope Martin V in Naples. He died in 1424 in Rome.

TEXTS: 1. Lectura in Sextum

2. Determinationes legum

LITERATURE: Belloni, Professori giuristi 344, 350. Schulte, QL II 403.
 
 
 
 

Petrus de Monte (see Pietro del Monte)
 
 
 
 

Petrus de la Palu, born in Bresse between 1270 and 1280, he died in 1342. He entered the Dominican order and studied theology and law at Toulouse in the early fourteenth century. Named as a master of theology there in 1314. Headed a commission investigating the Templars for Clement V. Also investigated charges of heresy against Pierre Olivi. In 1329, John XXII dispatched P. to Jerusalem. During the next three years he spent some time in Cyprus and also in Cairo, negotiating with the Sultan. He returned to Avignon in 1331. Took up pastoral duties in Guyenne until his death in 1342. His writings were all of a mixed theological-juridical nature.

TEXTS:

LITERATURE: R. Chabanne, `Pierre de la Palu', DDC 6 (1957) 1481-84.
 
 
 
 

Petrus Ravennas (Pietro Francesco Tommai, Thomasius Petrus Franciscus) was born at Ravenna after 1448. Studied under Alessandro Tartagni and then moved on to Padua. There he lectured on the Institutes and in 1472 was given the doctorate in utroque iuris. He taught, briefly it seems, in several other cities: Bologna, Pavia, Ferrara and Pistoia. At Padua, he undertook also the functions of an assessor to the Podestà. P. left Padua by 1497 for Germany. He was called to the new university at Greifswald by its founder, Duke Bogislav X of Pomerania. Taught Roman and canon law there until 1501 when an epidemic encouraged him to flee to Wittenburg. He remained at Wittenburg until 1516 when another outbreak of plague there forced P. to abandon Wittenburg for Köln. He died there in 1508.

TEXTS: 1. Alphabetum aureum, Early Printed Editions: Cologne 1508; Rouen 1508; Lyons 1511, 1517 (with additiones by Johannes de Gradibus).

2. Repetitio c. Inter alia, de Immun. eccles (X 3.49.6)

Early Printed Editions: Lübeck 1499 (Hain 13700); Leipzig 1505; Venice 1587; Lyons 1586.

3. Singulario iuris, Early Printed Edition: Venice 1478; Frankfurt 1596.

4. Compendium iuris canonici, Early Printed Edition: Wittenberg 1504; Cologne 1507; Paris 1521.

LITERATURE: A. Belloni, Professori giuristi 300-02; J. Sbaralea, Supplementum ad scriptores trium ordinum S. Francisci II (Rome 1921) 358-61. Schulte, QL II 403-04.
 
 
 
 

Petrus de Stagno (Pierre d' Estaing) Taught law at Montpellier. Bishop of St. Flour 1361. Bishop of Bourges 1368. Rector of the Duchy of Spoleto 1369-70. Elevated to the cardinalate in 1370. Made Cardinal-bishop of Ostia in 1374. Died 1377 in Rome.

TEXTS: Reportationes super Clementinas

LITERATURE: Emile van Balbergue, `Le commentaire sur les Clémentines d'Etienne Troches et Pierre d'Estaing', RHE 66 (1971) 502-06. M.P. Fournier, `Notes complementaires', in Nouvelle revue historique de droit français et étrangér 43 (1919) 642-44. Schulte, QL II 201-02.
 
 
 
 

Petrus de Ubaldis (younger brother of Baldus de Ubaldis, born in Perugia probably in 1335). Studied law at Perugia, and perhaps Pisa) under Benedictus Capra and Franciscus de Tigrinis. P. taught canon law there until his death, with a brief hiatus as an advocate in the papal court at Avignon. P. himself said that he was the last of the Ubaldis brothers, thus he must have died sometime after 1400.

TEXTS: 1. De portione canonica, Early Printed Editions: see Hain 15904; MANUSCRIPTS: Munich, Clm 6603; Clm 7438.

2. De beneficiorum permutatione

3. De unione ecclesiarum, Early Printed Edition: see Hain 15905.

4. De electione et postulatione, MANUSCRIPT: Munich, Clm 6603.

5. Consilia,

LITERATURE: R.Chabanne, `Petrus de Ubaldis', DDC, 6 (1957) 1455-60. Max Gutzwiller, `Aus den Anfangen des zwischenstaatlichen Erbrechts: Ein Gutachten des Petrus de Ubaldis im 1375', Zum schweizerischen Erbrechts, Festschrift zum 70 Geburtstag vom Prof. Dr. Pater Tuor (Zurich 1946) 145-78. O. Scalvanti, `Notizie e documenti sulla vita di Baldo, Angelo e Pietro degli Ubaldi' in L'Opera di Baldo per cura dell'Università di Perugia nel V centenario della morte del grande giureconsulto (Annali dell'Università di Perugia Facoltà di Giurisprudenza 10-11: Perugia 1901) 181-359. Schulte, QL II 277-78.
 
 
 
 

Petrus de Ubaldis (a relative of the Ubaldi family that produced three significant jurists, Angelus, Baldus, and Petrus). Little is known about this P. except that he taught at Perugia.

TEXTS: 1. Libellus de duobus fratribus, Early printed editions: [no location, no date]; Venice 1487; Venice 1490; Venice 1500: Hain 15898-15901.

2. Tractatus de societate, Early Printed Editions: Naples 1471 [Hain 15902]

3. Super canonica episcopali et parochiali. Early Printed Edition: [no location no date] [Hain 15904]

4. Tractatus de Unione ecclesiarum (Early Printed Edition: [no date no location]: Hain 15905)

LITERATURE: R.Chabanne, `Petrus de Ubaldis', DDC 6 (1957) 1460-61.
 
 
 
 

Philipus Decius (Mailand 1454-Siena 1536/1537). He began his studies in 1471 in Pavia, where he was taught civil by his brother Lancellottus, canon law by Giason del Maino and Giovanni dal Pozzo. He received his doctorate in utroque iure in Pisa in 1476 and there began his teaching career. From 1481 to 1487, except for a period in which he was auditor of the Roman Rota P. was teaching first canon law and then Roman law at Siena. Afterwards he was called back to Pisa where he taught until 1501. In 1502 he was professor of canon law at Padua, and in 1505 at Pavia. Because of his participation in the council of Pisa (1511-12) he was excommunicated by Pope Julius II. As result P. moved first to Piedmont and then to Valence, where he was a professor. During the pontificate of Leo X, who had been one of his students, P. was absolved. This allowed him to return to Italy, taking up teaching at Rome. He also served as a member of the Senate in Milan and curator at the university of Pavia. From 1517 to 1525 he was a professor in Pisa, and then in Siena, where he died in 1536/37.

TEXTS: 1. Commentaria in Decretales (X)

A. in I librum, Early Printed Edition: Venice 1522-1523.

B. in II librum, Early Printed Edition: Venice 1522/1523.

C. in tit. de postulatione prelatorum (X. 1.5), Early Printed Edition: Lyons 1527.

D. in tit. de electione (X. 1.6), Early Printed Edition: Lyons 1527.

E. in tit. de iudiciis (X. 2.1), Early Printed Edition: Pisa 1493/94.

F. in tit. de probationibus (X. 2.19), Early Printed Edition: Pisa 1493/94.

G. in tit. de testibus (X. 2.20, 21), Early Printed Editions: Venice 1523/1524; Lyons 1527.

H. in tit. de fide instrumentorum (X. 2.22), Early Printed Editions: Venice 1523/1524; Lyons 1527.

I. in tit. de praebendis (X. 3.5), Early Printed Editions: Venice 1523/1524; Lyons 1527.

K. in tit. de privilegis (X. 5.33)

2. Repetitio in c. i rubricae de probationibus (X. 2.19.1), Early Printed Edition: Pisa 1490.

3. Consilia

A. Consilium ad Francorum regis Ludovici requisitionem, Early Printed Edition: Pavia 1511.

B. Acta primi concilii Pisani, Early Printed Edition: Paris 1612.

LITERATURE: Belloni, Professori giuristi 190-93. F. Gabotto, `Un giureconsulto milanese del Quattrocento: Filippo Decio', Conversazioni della domenica, anno II, n. 3, 16 gennaio 1887, 21-22. Roberto Naz, `Decius', DDC 4 (1949) 1059. Schulte, QL II 361-63.
 
 
 
 

Philippus Franchus de Franchis (see Philipus de Perusio)
 
 
 
 

Philipus Franchus de Perusio <de Franchis> Born in Perugia. Taught law there in 1461. Taught law in Ferrara in 1467. P. died in 1471 in Ferrara after being banished by his native city.

TEXTS: 1. Lectura super sexto, Early Printed Edition: Venice 1499 (Hain 7314), 1504.

2. Lectura super titulo de regulis iuris in sexto, Early Printed Edition: Venice 1499 (Hain 7321).

3. Super rubrica de appellationibus, Early Printed Editions: Perugia (1477?); Siena 1488; Venice 1496; Pavia 1496 (Hain 7317-20).

4. Repetitio c. `Si pater de testamentis in VI', Early Printed Editions: Pavia 1489, 1500 (Hain 7315-16).

LITERATURE: Schulte QL II 342.
 
 
 
 

Pierre du Bois (see Petrus de Bosco)
 
 
 
 

Pierre d'Estaing (see Petrus de Stagno)
 
 
 
 

Pietro Bagarotti (b. first quarter of the fifteenth century (d.1482) was a canonist and probably also a civillian. He wrote at least one Consilium and lectured on the Clementines and the Sext in 1471, and 1481-82.

TEXTS:1. Consilium, MANUSCRIPT: Ravenna, Classense 485, vol. iv, fol. 72.

LITERATURE: Belloni, Professori giuristi 320, 324. M. Caravale, `Bagarotto, Pietro', DBI 5 (1964) 174.
 
 
 
 

Pietro Can (d.Padova 1506) was teaching canon law in Pavia in 1495, moved to Padua in 1498. No works by this jurist are known.

LITERATURE: Belloni, Professori giuristi 300.
 
 
 
 

Pietro Molin (XV century) taught civil and/or canon l