Abbas antiquus
(see Bernardus de Montemirato)
Abbreuiatio Compilationis primi
'Iuste
iudicate, recte iudicate'
MANUSCRIPTS: Vatican City, Vat. Reg. lat. 395, fol. 95-99v (fragmentary at the end).
LITERATURE: Kuttner, Repertorium
435.
Abbreuiatio Compilationis Romane 'Incipit de summa trinitate et fide catholica'
MANUSCRIPTS: Paris, Bibl. de l'Arsenal 769, fol. 74v-84v.
LITERATURE: Kuttner, Repertorium 435-36.
Abbreuiatio Compilationis secunde 'Preterea Clemens III nil certi respondet papa'
MANUSCRIPTS: Bruges, Bibl. de la Ville 366, fol. 19ra-27va; Paris, Bibl. de l'Arsenal 769, fol. 66-73v.
LITERATURE: M. Bertram, 'Some Additions to the
"Repertorium der Kanonistik",' BMCL 4 (1974) 11. Kuttner, Repertorium
435.
Abbreuiatio Decreti 'Exceptiones ecclesiasticarum (seu euangelicarum) regularum'
EDITION: None.
MANUSCRIPTS: Darmstadt, Landesbibl. 542; Göttweig, Stiftsbibl. 181 (88), fol. 25-95; Linz, Öffentl. Studienbibl. 75, fol. 1-80 (fragmentary); Munich, Clm 6406, fol. 17ra-36rb; Clm 18467, fol. 3ra-68vb (omits prologue); Saint Florian, Stiftsbibl. XI.730; Vatican City, Vat. Pal. lat. 288, fol. 165v-218v; Vienna, ÖNB 2179, fol. 1-32 (omits prologue, ends in C.27 q.2); 2221, fol. 62v-118r.
LITERATURE: M. Bertram, 'Some Additions to the
"Repertorium der Kanonistik",' BMCL 4 (1974) 12. Kuttner, Repertorium
260-61. R. Weigand, 'Die Dekretabbreuiatio "Exceptiones ecclesiasticarum
regularum" und ihre glossen', Miscellanea Prosdocimi (Milan 1992).
Abbreuiatio Decreti 'Gratiani opus egregium'
EDITION: None.
MANUSCRIPTS: Gdansk (Danzig), Bibl. Mar. F. 275.
LITERATURE: Kuttner, Repertorium 261.
A. Vetulani, SG 8 (1965) 275-353.
Abbreuiatio Decreti 'Humanum genus'
MANUSCRIPTS: Avranches, Bibl. Munic. 149, fol. 136-38v (fragment); Vienna, ÖNB 2163, fol. 1-24r.
LITERATURE: Kuttner, 'Bernardus
Compostellanus Antiquus', Traditio 1 (1943) 323 n.17.
Abbreuiatio Decreti 'Ius naturale quod est in lege' I
MANUSCRIPTS: Pommersfelden, Bibl. Graf Schonborn 2902, fol. 1-39.
LITERATURE: Kuttner, Repertorium 261.
R. Weigand, Die bedingte Eheschliessung im kanonischen Recht I (Munich 1963) 265 n.
Abbreuiatio Decreti 'Ius naturale quod est in lege' II (see Tabula utriusque iuris), lists legal terms, often repetitive, drawn from both laws especially regarding marriage law. The work was a primitive forerunner of the later vocabularies, designed to aid students. It was composed before 1215, probably in France .
EDITION: None
MANUSCRIPTS: Zurich, Stadtbibl. C.80, fol. 55r-62v.
LITERATURE: Kuttner, Repertorium 261.
A. Stickler, 'Iter Helveticum', Traditio 14 (1958) 477-78.
Abbreuiatio Decreti 'Lex alia divina est alia humana', based on the abbreviation of Omnebene and perhaps of English origin.
EDITION: None.
MANUSCRIPTS: London, Brit. Libr. Harley 3842, fol. 35-56.
LITERATURE: Kuttner, Repertorium
261-62; idem and Eleanor Rathbone, 'Anglo-Norman canonists of the twelfth century', Traditio
7 (1949/51) 294 n.13.
Abbreuiatio Decreti 'Matrimonium est'
MANUSCRIPTS: London, Lambeth Palace 139, fol. 101-123 (begins at C.27 q.1 pr.), 124-143v (C.1-C.4 q.1).
LITERATURE: Kuttner, Repertorium 262.
Abbreuiatio Decreti 'Omne ius
aut divinum' (see Abbreviatio Decreti 'Quoniam egestas')
Abbreviatio Decreti 'Omnes leges aut divine'
MANUSCRIPTS: Bamberg, Staatsbibl. Can. 35.
LITERATURE: Kuttner, Repertorium
262-63. R. Weigand, 'Die Dekretabbreuiatio "Exceptiones ecclesiasticarum
regularum" und ihre glossen', Miscellanea Prosdocimi (Milan 1992).
Abbreuiatio Decreti 'Omnia quecumque uultis'
MANUSCRIPTS: Vienna, ÖNB 2183, fol. 1-86.
LITERATURE: Kuttner, Repertorium 263
Abbreuiatio Decreti 'Quod divine leges natura'
MANUSCRIPTS: Göttweig, Stiftsbibl. 88, fol. 1-23v
LITERATURE: Kuttner, Repertorium 263.
Abbreviatio Decreti 'Quoniam egestas' (also 'Omne ius aut diuinum'), written around 1150 in Southern France. In several manuscripts the work is accompanied by glosses which utilize the civilian Exceptiones Petri, likewise of Provencal origin.
MANUSCRIPTS: Leipzig, Universitätsbibl. 1012 (without prologue; part I only); Oxford, New College 220 (without prologue); Paris, B.N. lat. 15001, fol. 127-238v (without prologue); Prague, Metropolitankapitel I.LXXIV, fol. 10-107v; Saint Gall, Stiftsbibl. 711; Vorau, Stiftsbibl. 184; Worcester, Cathed. Q.43 (ends at C.26 q.6 c.12).
LITERATURE: Kuttner, Repertorium
263-64; idem, 'The "Extravagantes" of the Decretum in Biberbach', BMCL 3 (1973)
67. R. Weigand, 'Die Dekretalabbreuiatio "Quoniam egestas" und ihre Glossen', Fides
et ius ... Georg May (Regensburg 1991) 249-65.
Abbreuiatio Decreti Treuirensis
EDITION: None.
MANUSCRIPT: Trier, Bisch. Sem.91, fol. 1r-91v (on part II only).
LITERATURE: A. Stickler, 'Iter Germanicum', Traditio
12 (1956) 604.
Abbreuiatio Decreti 'Verbum abbreviatum'
MANUSCRIPTS: Basel, Universitätsbibl. C.V.14, fol. 74ra-80vb, and C.V.35, fol. 40va-47ra; Berlin, Staatsbibl. lat. q.192; Linz, Öffentl. Studienbibl.257, fol. 2r-157r; Paris, Bibl. de l'Arsenal 955; Schlägl, Stiftsbibl. 220.
LITERATURE: M. Bertram, 'Some Additions to the
"Repertorium der Kanonistik",' BMCL 4 (1974) 12, 15. Kuttner, Repertorium
264. A. Stickler, 'Iter Helveticum', Traditio 14 (1958) 473-75.
Abbreuiationes Decreti (in other manuscripts.)
MANUSCRIPTS: Basel, Universitätsbibl. A.IX.22, fol. 104-159v (part I), 159v-181v (part III); Basel Universitätsbibl. C.V.14, fol. 81ra-214vb; Bernkastel-Kues, Sankt-Nikolaus-Hospital, Cusanus-Stiftsbibl. 229, fol. 1-66v (fragmentary, begins at D.4 c.6); Monza, Cathedral Chapter T.XIII; Paris, B.N. lat. 3922 B; Turin, Bibl. naz. 533 [D.V.19]; Vatican City, Vat. Ottob. 3062, fol. 5- (fragmentary, begins at D.10 c.9); Vienna, ÖNB 1758, fol. 97v-131; Vienna, ÖNB 2185 fol. 1-193.
LITERATURE: Kuttner, Repertorium
264-65. A. Stickler, 'Iter Helveticum', Traditio 14 (1958) 473-75.
Abbreviationes Decreti (beginning with 'Humanum genus duobus regitur' in other manuscripts.)
MANUSCRIPTS: Firenze, Laurenziana XX.45 (ends at De pen. D.1 c.23); Paris, B.N. lat. 4709, fol. 56-82; Paris, Sainte Geneviève 2284, fol. 1-7; Vatican City, Vat. lat. 2707, fol. 1ra-95vb; Vorau, Stiftsbibl. 376, fol. 6-61v; Zürich, Stadtbibl. C.97, fol. 64v-76v; Zwettl, Stiftsbibl. 285, fol. 116v-147v
LITERATURE: Kuttner, Repertorium
264-65
Actor at reus (see Summa
'Actor
et reus')
Ad iuste iudicandum (commentary on Compilatio I), a miscellaneous commentary on Compilatio I, based on the apparatus of Ricardus Anglicus.
MANUSCRIPTS: Klosterneuberg, Canons Regular 1045, fol. 1-7v, 9r-32v.
LITERATURE: Kuttner, 'Bernardus
Compostellanus Antiquus', Traditio 1 (1943) 313 n.22; idem, 'Retractationes VII', Gratian
and the Schools of Law 1140-1234 (London 1983) 17.
Adam of Adelsbach, a Cistercian monk who around 1250 composed a didactic poem based on the penitential Summa de casibus of Raymond of Peñafort. It was intended to facilitate the access to Raymond's work for the poorer students, as is indicated by the title Summa pauperum.
TEXT: Summa pauperum, Early Printed Edition: Paris 1524.
LITERATURE: M. Bloomfield, 'A
Preliminary List of Incipits of Latin Works on the Virtues and Vices, mainly of
the Thirteenth, Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries', Traditio 11 (1955) n.524. P. Michaud-Quantin, Sommes
de casuistique et manuels de confession au moyen âge 9XII - XVI siècles (Louvain -
Lille - Montreal 1962) 41. F. Valls Taberner, 'La Summula pauperum de Adam de Aldensbach',
Gesammelte Aufsätze zur Kulturgeschichte Spaniens 7 (1938) 69-83.
Additiones Biberach, twelfth-century decretals added to a Decretum manuscript at Biberach.
EDITION: None
MANUSCRIPTS: Biberach, Spitalarchiv B 3515.
LITERATURE: Kuttner, 'The
"Extravagantes" of the Decretum in Biberach', BMCL 3 (1973) 61-71.
Addo of Huizinga, studied law at Oxford c.1200 with his brother Emo, who wrote that they copied 'decreta, decretales, Librum pauperum, et alios libros iuris et legalis'.
LITERATURE: P. Gerbenzon, 'Bertram of Metz:
The
author of "Elegantius in iure diuino" (Summa Coloniensis)', Traditio
21 (1965) 511.
Aegidius
(see Egidius)
Alanus ab Insulis (Alain de Lille), professor of theology at Paris. Besides other literary and poetic works such as the Anticlaudianus, he wrote a penitential handbook, Liber poenitentialis (ca. 1200).
TEXT: Liber penitentialis
EDITION: PL 210.281 ff.
LITERATURE: M. Bloomfield, 'A
Preliminary List of Incipits of Latin Works on the Virtues and Vices, mainly of
the Thirteenth, Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries', Traditio 11 (1955) n.61. P. Michaud-Quantin, 'Le
"Liber penitentialis" d'Alain de Lille. Le temoignage des manuscrits belges et
francais', Citeaux 10 (1959) 93-106; idem, Sommes de casuistique et manuels de
confession au moyen âge XII - XVI siècles (Louvain - Lille - Montreal 1962) 15-19
Alanus Anglicus, English canonist teaching and writing at Bologna around 1190-1215. He composed an influential apparatus on the Decretum, Ius naturale, and then revised it to offer a far more enthusiastic defense of papal power. It remains doubtful, however, if his authorship also extended to the commentary on De consecratione as it is transmitted in three MSS of Ius naturale. Because the same comment also circulated separately and is once ascribed to a 'R. de parvi passu' (MS Seo de Urgel, Bibl. Capit. 8 (2882): cf. Rodoricus Modicipassus). The first recension of Ius naturaleexerted great influence on the Anglo-Norman Summa Duacensis. Besides an apparatus on Compilatio I, Alanus further produced a decretal collection (and glosses) which, with that of Gilbertus, became the prime source for Johannes Galensis's Compilatio secunda.
TEXTS: 1. Decretum-Apparatus, Ius naturale, MANUSCRIPTS: First recension (1192): Klosterneuburg, Stiftsbibl. MS 101 (set i; rather incomplete); Paris, B.N. lat. 3909 (without text of Decretum; without C.16-27); Seo de Urgel, Bibl. Capitular. 113; Second recension (1205): Bamberg, Staatsbibl. Can. 13, fol. 272va (prologue only); Cambrai, Bibl. Municip. 645; Escorial, c.I.5, fol. 482r (prologue only); Gniezno, Bibl. Cap. Metrop. 27; Paris, B.N. lat. 15393 (set II; with Casus of Benencasa); Paris, Bibl. Mazarine, 1318 (incomplete: ends C.27 q.1 c.2); Stuttgart, Landesbibl. HB VI.95, fol. 267r-v (prologue only); Vatican City, Vat. Ross. lat. 595 (set ii; select glosses only); Vendôme, Bibl. Munic. 88 (set. iii. incomplete). (A number of glosses are printed in Stickler, 'Verteidiger').
2. Collectio Alani (includes decretals from Innocent III as well as pre-Innocentian Decretals), MANUSCRIPTS: First recension: Fulda, Landesbibl. D.7, fol. 155v-160v (contains the section to be added after MS D.14); Fulda, D.14, fol. 32-54v, 123v-126r, 55-123v; Fulda, D.5, fol. 140-98v, 199-213r (an abridgement); Second recension (1206): Vercelli, Cathed. Chapter MS LXXXIX, fol. 51-136r (with glosses); Salzburg, Erzabtei St. Peter MS A.IX.18, fol. 169-243r; Linz, Studienbibl. 257, fol. 1r-v (fragment 2.11.1-5; with glosses).
3. Apparatus on Compilatio I (after 1207), MANUSCRIPTS: Erlangen, Universitätsbibl. 349 (set I); Fulda, Landesbibl. D.5, fol. 1-83r (set I; incomplete); Halle, Universitäts-und Landesbibl. Ye.52 (set II); Karlsruhe, Landesbibl. Aug. XL, fol. 1-82v; Munich, Clm 3879, fol. 1-97v (set II); Paris, B.N. lat. 3932, fol. 1-69v (set I).
4. Glosses on Compilatio II?, MANUSCRIPTS: see F. Gillmann, AKKR 115 (1925) 131-32.
LITERATURE: R. Fraher, 'Alanus Anglicus and the
Summa "Induent sancti",' BMCL 6 (1976) 47-54. G. Fransen, 'Un commentaire au
"De consecratione",' Traditio 13 (1957) 508-09. F. Gillmann, AKKR 115
(1925) 131-32. R. von Heckel, 'Die Dekretalensammlung des Gilbertus und Alanus nach den
Weingartener Handschriften', ZRG Kan. Abt. 29 (1940) 116-357. Kuttner, Repertorium
67-75, 316-17, 325-26; idem, 'The Collection of Alanus: A concordance of its two
recensions', Rivista di storia del diritto italiano 26 (1953) 37-53; idem,
'Notes
on manuscripts', Traditio 17 (1961) 534-36; idem, 'Emendationes et notae variae', Traditio
22 (1966) 476; idem, 'Universal pope or servant of God's servants', RDC 32 (1981) 140;
idem, 'Retractationes VII', Gratian and the Schools (London 1983) 13. P. Landau,
'Alanus Anglicus', LMA 1 (1980) 267-68. F. Liotta, La continenza dei chierici(Milan
1971) 202-220. Schulte, QL I 188-89. A. M. Stickler, 'Alanus Anglicus als Verteidiger des
monarchischen Papsttums', Salesianum 21 (1959) 346-406. R. Weigand, Die bedingte
Eheschliessung im kanonischen Recht I (Münchener Theologische Studien III. Kan. Abt.
16; Munich 1963) 305-13; idem, 'Neue Mitteilungen aus Handschriften', Traditio 21
(1965) 482; idem, Die Naturrechtslehre der Legisten und Dekretisten von Irnerius bis
Accursius und von Gratian bis Johannes Teutonicus (Münchener Theologische Studien
III. Kan. Abt. 26; Munich 1967) 225-230 and passim.
Albertus, a canonist of the early thirteenth century. Albertus was the author of a gloss-apparatus to Compilatio secunda (before 1215). He may be the Albertus cited by Magister Honorius in his commentary on the Decretum (in Laon, Bibl. Munic. MS 371(bis), fol. 86rb).
TEXTS: Apparatus to Compilatio secunda, MANUSCRIPTS: Bamberg, Staatsbibl. Can. 19, fol. 79-116 (first set; single glosses only); Erlangen, Universitätsbibl. 349, fol. 73-113; Karlsruhe, Landesbibl. Aug. XL, fol. 83-120 (incomplete); Leipzig, Universitätsbibl. 983, fol. 61-91; Melk, Stiftsbibl. 518, fol. 1v-34v (first stratum); Paris, B.N. lat. 3932, fol. 70-102v; lat. 15398, fol. 74-105v; Troyes, Bibl. Municip. 385 (fragment; ends at 2 Comp. 2.6).
LITERATURE: F. Gillmann, 'Magister Albertus,
Glossator der Compilatio II', AKKR 105 (1925) 122-91. Kuttner, Repertorium
345-52; idem, 'Notes on manuscripts', Traditio 17 (1961) 539. F. Liotta, La
continenza dei chierici (Milan 1971) 332-34. R. Weigand,, 'Gandulphusglossen zum
Dekret Gratians', BMCL 7 (1977) 13-48 at 40.
Albertus de Morra
Beneventanus
(see Gregory VIII)
Albertus Gandinus, born at Cremona, studied civil law at Padua and Bologna under Johannes de Anguissola and Guido de Suzzaria. Later on, he practised as a judge in various Italian communes. The same practical interests are reflected in his writing on criminal procedure, which also relates to canonical matters. He died around 1310.
TEXTS:1. De maleficiis, EDITION: H. Kantorowicz (1907)
2. Quaestiones statutorum, EDITION: A. Solmi, Biblioteca iuridica Medii Aevi 3, ed. A. Gaudenzi (Bologna 1901).
LITERATURE: H. Kantorowicz, Albertus Gandinus
und das Strafrecht der Scholastik I-II (Berlin - Leipzig 1907-26). Schulte, QL II
167-68.
Aldricus, a Bolognese teacher of Roman, and perhaps of canon law, as his common epithet 'magister' would suggest. Of his canonistic activities we know only indirectly, however, through the references of other canonists (Egidius, Huguccio) of the 1180's.
LITERATURE: Kuttner and E. Rathbone, 'Anglo-Norman canonists of the twelfth century', Traditio 7 (1949/51) 301 n.32. J.
Fried, Über die Entstehung des Juristenstandes (Cologne - Vienna 1974) 187-88.
Alexander III (Rolandus Bandinelli), pope (1159-81). Although John Noonan and Rudolf Weigand have recently disproved the old identification of Alexander with the canonist Rolandus, the contribution of this pope to the history of canon law remains important. Alexander was the first pope who fully grasped the signficance of his role as the supreme legislator of the Church. He issued decretals in unprecedented numbers, deciding many legal disputes that Gratian's Decretum had raised but left unresolved. Contemporary decretists soon appreciated these legislative efforts, whence Alexander figured prominently in the collections of extravagantes proliferating since the 1170's. This was later reflected in the authoritative Liber extra of Gregory IX (1234), which gave Alexander's decretals an importance equalled only by those of Innocent III (1198-1216).
LITERATURE: Boso's Life of Alexander III,
ed. and trans. G.M. Ellis (1973). C. Donahue, 'The dating of Alexander the Third's
marriage decretals', ZRG Kan. Abt. 68 (1982) 70-124. L. Falkenstein, 'Leistungsersuchen
Alexanders III. aus dem ersten Jahrzehnt seines Pontifikats', ZKG 102 (1991) 45-75. F.
Liotta (ed.), Miscellanea Rolando Bandinelli papa Alessandro III (Siena 1986). J.
T. Noonan, 'Who was Rolandus?', Law Church and Society: Essays in Honor of Kuttner,
ed. K. Pennington, R. Somerville (Philadelphia 1977) 21-48. M. Pacaut, Alexandre III:
Étude sur la conception du pouvoir pontifical dans sa pensée et dans son oeuvre
(L'Eglise et L'Etat au Moyen Age 11; Paris 1956); idem, 'Louis VII et Alessandro III',
RHEF 39 (1953) 5-45. R. Somerville, Pope Alexander III and the Council of Tours
(Berkeley 1977). R. Weigand, 'Magister Rolandus und Papst Alexander III.', AKKR 149 (1980)
3-44.
Alexander Stavensby, an English theologian who had studied at Toulouse and later became bishop of Lichfield and Coventry (1224-37). In this capacity, he wrote two brief treatises on sin and confession respectively, which he promulgated as part of the diocesan statutes.
TEXTS: Opuscula synodalia, MANUSCRIPTS: Cambridge, St. John's C.62 II (on confession and sin); Oxford, Bodl. Lib. Douce 88 (on confession).
LITERATURE: M. Bloomfield, 'A
Preliminary List of Incipits of Latin Works on the Virtues and Vices, mainly of
the Thirteenth, Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries', Traditio 11 (1955) n. 189, n.277; P. Michaud-Quantin, Sommes
de casuistique et manuels de confession au moyen âge 9 XII - XVI siècles (Louvain -
Lille - Montreal 1962) 30-31.
Altmann of St. Florian, provost of the canon regulars of St. Florian from 1212 until his death in 1221/23, published three canonistic works, composed in part in hexameters (d.1221/23). Among them is the Medulla, perhaps the oldest known canonistic monograph. It survives in an earlier version which Altmann later expanded by including verses. Four different recensions of the text circulated. Altmann also composed a procedural ordo (1204/5) which shows resemblances to that of Eilbert of Bremen whom he probably knew personally. His principal work, however, was the Ysagoge, a versified introduction into canon law.
TEXTS:1. Ysagoge iuris, MANUSCRIPTS: Munich, Clm 16097, fol. 1-89, and lat. 16098, fol. 1-85; St. Florian, Stiftsbibl. XI 720; Vatican, Bibl. Ap. lat. 2692, fol. 1v-65r; Vienna, ÖNB lat. 2228, fol. 1v-81v; Vienna, ÖNB Ser. nov. 3611, fol. 1r-64v.
2. Medulla, MANUSCRIPTS: A. first recension: Munich, Clm 19488, fol. 1-16. B. second recension: Vienna, ÖNB lat. 2221, fol. 45r-55v. C. third recension: Admont, Stiftsbibl. 48, fol. 23rb-24vc. D. fourth recension: Kremsmünster, Stiftsbibl. 1, fol. 429r-40r.
3. Ordo iudiciarius, MANUSCRIPT: Kremsmünster, Stiftsbibl. 1, fol. 416r-428v..
LITERATURE: F. Altmann, 'Über einen Ordo
iudiciarius vom Jahre 1204', ZRG Rom. Abt. 19 (1889) 44-71. W. Stelzer, 'Altmann von St.
Florian', MIÖG 84 (1976) 60-104; idem, 'Österreichische Kanonisten des 13.
Jahrhunderts', ÖAKR 30 (1979) 59-65; idem, 'Altmann von St. Florian', LMA 1 (1980) 479;
idem, Gelehrtes Recht in Österreich. Von den Anfängen bis zum frühen 14. Jh.
(MIÖG - Erg.Bd. 26; Vienna 1982) 70-120.
Ambrosius, wrote a Summa (ca. 1213-15) on the titles of the decretals which was based on that of Bernardus Papiensis, but included decretals from Compilatio secunda and Compilatio tertia. Ambrosius further utilized the commentaries of Vincentius in the two Compilationes.
TEXTS: 1. Summa titulorum decretalium, EDITION: by A. Martin-Avedillo, ZRG Kan. Abt. 54 (1968) 57-94; MANUSCRIPTS: Fulda, D.10, fol. 10-45v; Rome, Casanatense. 1910 (A.1.18), fol. 39-72v; Venice, Marciana lat. class. iv.25, fol. 23-71v.
LITERATURE: Kuttner, Repertorium
392-93; idem, 'Bernardus Compostellanus Antiquus', Traditio 1 (1943) 332 n.44. F.
Liotta, La continenza dei chierici (Milan 1971) 352-58. A. Martin-Avedillo,
'La
"Summa super titulis decretalium" del canonista Ambrosius', ZRG Kan. Abt. 54
(1968) 57-94; idem, 'Influjo del canonista Ambrosius en San Raimundo de Peñafort', REDC
26 (1970) 329-55. R. Weigand,, Die bedingte Eheschliessung im kanonischen Recht I
(Münchener Theologische Studien III. Kan. Abt. 16; Munich 1963) 357-61; R. Weigand,, Die
Naturrechtslehre der Legisten und Dekretisten von Irnerius bis Accursius und von Gratian
bis Johannes Teutonicus(Münchener Theologische Studien III. Kan. Abt. 26; Munich
1967) 407-08; idem, Die bedingte Eheschliessung (Munich 1963) 357 n.108.
Andreas Veclus, appears among the teachers of canon law at Bologna in 1238.
LITERATURE: Schulte, QL II 174.
Animal est substantia (see Summa
Bambergensis)
Appendix abbreviationis 'Quoniam egestas' , a primitive, twelfth-century decretal collection, which includes some of the canons from the Council of Tours (1163).
MANUSCRIPT: Paris, B.N. lat. 15001, fol. 236v-238v.
LITERATURE: Kuttner, 'The
"Extravagantes" of the Decretum in Biberach', BMCL 3 (1973) 67, 71.
Appendix Concilii Lateranensis, a decretal collection which derives from a source common with the 'Wigorniensis Group.' This large work exerted great influence on many later collections including members of the 'Bambergensis-Group,'(Appendix Oenipontana and Fragment L) The first recension contains 570 items, only 15 of which are pre-Gratian.
DATE/PLACE: 1st recension: 1184-85, Lincoln
EDITION: P. Crabbe, Concilia omnia tam generalia quam particularia... (2nd ed. Cologne 1551) 2.820-944 (printed from an unknown MS, also in J.D. Mansi, Sacrorum conciliorum nova et amplissima collectio 22 (Venice 1767) 248-453 = Cr. Aemilius Richter, De inedita canonum collectione Lipsiensi (Leipzig 1836).
MANUSCRIPTS: Leipzig, Universitätsbibl. 1242, fol. 73v-110v = Lp; Vienna, ÖNB 2172, fol. 2r-52v = V; Lincoln, Cathed. Chapter Library 121, fol. 1r-61r.
LITERATURE: C. Duggan, 'English Canonists and
the "Appendix Concilii Lateranensis",' Traditio18 (1962). W. Holtzmann,
'Die Register Papst Alexander III. in den Händen der Kanonisten', QF 30 (1940) 16.
Kuttner, Repertorium 290-91; idem, 'Notes on a projected corpus of twelfth-century
decretals', Traditio 6 (1948) 349; idem, and E. Rathbone, 'Anglo-Norman Canonists
of the Twelfth Century', Traditio 7 (1949/51) 283f. P. Landau, 'Die Entstehung der
systematischen Dekretalensammlungen und die europäische Kanonistik des 12.Jahrhunderts',
ZRG Kan. Abt. 66 (1979) 128-32; idem, 'Studien zur Appendix und den Glossen in frühen
systematischen Dekretalensammlungen', BMCL 9 (1979) 1-21.
Appendix Darmstadt, a collection of decretals appended to Gratian's Decretum. Many of its items reappear in other appendices to the Decretum such as those in MSS Pommersfelden 142 (I-II) and Munich Clm 28175 (I).
MANUSCRIPTS: Darmstadt, Landesbibl. 907, fol. 255r-256v
LITERATURE: W. Holtzmann, Studies in the
collections of twelfth-century decretals, edd. and trans. C. Cheney and M. Cheney (MIC
B-3; Vatican City 1979) xxiv. Kuttner, Repertorium 16, 274. R. Weigand, 'Die
Dekretanhänge in den Handschriften Heiligenkreuz 44, Pommersfelden 142 und München
28175', BMCL 13 (1983) 8-17.
Appendix Graz, a small Decretal collection appended to Gratian's Decretum.
MANUSCRIPTS: Graz, Universitätsbibl. III.69, fol. 283v-284v
LITERATURE: W. Holtzmann, Studies in the
collections of twelfth-century decretals, edd. and trans. C. Cheney and M. Cheney (MIC
B-3; Vatican City 1979) xxviii.
Appendix Harvard, a small Decretal collection appended to Gratian's Decretum.
MANUSCRIPTS: Cambridge Ma., Harvard Law 64, last two folios
LITERATURE: W. Holtzmann, Studies in the
collections of twelfth-century decretals, edd. and trans. C. Cheney and M. Cheney (MIC
B-3; Vatican City 1979) xxviii.
Appendix Heiligenkreuz forms a collection extravagantes with 44 items, of which only three were extracted from papal decretals dating after Gratian. The compilation shares a significant amount of material with those of Bernardus Papiensis.
EDITION: Analysis by R. Weigand, BMCL 13 (1983) 3-8.
MANUSCRIPTS: Heiligenkreuz, Stiftsbibl. MS 44, fol. 298ra-300vb.
LITERATURE: R. Weigand,, 'Die Dekretanhänge in
den Handschriften Heiligenkreuz 44, Pommersfelden 142 und München 28175', BMCL 13 (1983)
1-25, at 1-8.
Appendix Munich I contains a collection of extravagantes including papal decretals down to Alexander III. It appears to be related to Appendix Heiligenkreuz.
EDITION: Analysis by R. Weigand, BMCL 13 (1986) 18-19.
MANUSCRIPT: Munich, Clm 28175, fol. 2r-v.
LITERATURE: R. Weigand, 'Die Dekretanhänge in
den Handschriften Heiligenkreuz 44, Pommersfelden 142 und München 28175', BMCL 13 (1983)
1-25, at 1-8.
Appendix Oenipontana (formerly Collectio Oenipontana), a small Decretal collection appended to Gratians Decretum. Shows influence of the Appendix Concilii Lateranensis.
EDITION: Summary analysis by F. Maassen, SB Vienna 24 (1857) 64-66.
MANUSCRIPTS: Innsbruck, Universitätsbibl. 90, fol. 273-277
LITERATURE: Kuttner, Repertorium 286.
R. Weigand,, 'Burchardauszüge in Dekrethandschriften und ihre Verwendung bei Rufin und
als Paleae im Dekret Gratians', AKKR 158 (1989) 429-51.
Appendix Pommersfelden I gives a list of extravagantes closely related to Appendix Heiligenkreuz.
EDITION: Analysis by R. Weigand, BMCL 13 (1983) 8-11.
MANUSCRIPTS: Pommersfelden, Bibl. Graf Schönborn 142, fol. 238vb-240ra.
LITERATURE: R. Weigand, 'Die Dekretanhänge in
den Handschriften Heiligenkreuz 44, Pommersfelden 142 und München 28175', BMCL 13 (1983)
1-25, at 8-11.
Appendix Pommersfelden II, contains nine groups of extravagantes, each of which refers to a specific part of Gratian's Decretum. The texts consist mainly of patristic material.
EDITION: Analysis by R. Weigand, BMCL 13 (1983) 12-16.
MANUSCRIPTS: Pommersfelden, Bibl. Graf Schönborn 142, fol. 240rb-243rb.
LITERATURE: R. Weigand, 'Die Dekretanhänge in
den Handschriften Heiligenkreuz 44, Pommersfelden 142 und München 28175', BMCL 13 (1983)
1-25, at 11-17; idem, 'Zusätzliche Paleae im Dekrethandschriften', ZRG Kan. Abt. 118
(1992).
'Ardua temptantes sub metrica iura
medulliam...' (see under Marriage Tract:)
Arnulfus Teutonicus is a decretist once cited by Alanus Anglicus.
LITERATURE: F. Gillmann, AKKR 108 (1928) 602
n.3.
Azo de Lambertaciis (de Lambertazzi). The first news about Azo date back to 1258, when he was a consiliarius with dispensation. Since 1259, he appears as a doctor decretorum, then as a Bolognese professor and lawyer. A. was also a canon at Bologna. As a member of the Ghibelline party, he had to leave Bologna between 1274 and 1278, and was again penalized sometime later. He died probably in 1289.
LITERATURE: A. Iglesia Ferreirós, '?Azo de
Bologna ou Azo de "Lambertazzi?",' AHDE 55 (1985) 749. Kuttner, Repertorium
53. R. Naz, 'Azzon de Lambertaciis', DDC 1 (1935) 1589-90. Schulte, QL II 143-44. Helene
Wieruszowski, 'Deux documents concernant Azo de Lambertazzi', Traditio 15 (1959)
497-98; idem, Estudis universitaris catalans 18 (1933) 175-81.
b.-glosses on the Decretum were produced in the 1160's and 1170's. R. Weigand, has shown that the manuscripts use this siglum consistently, although it may refer in some of them to Bazianus, in others to Bernardus of Pavia. Weigand further believes that the author of the b.-glosses in MS Pommersfelden 142 was a third Bolognese canonist, not to be identified with either Bernard or Bazianus.
MANUSCRIPTS: Pommersfelden, Bibl. des Grafen Schönborn 142 (2744).
LITERATURE: R. Weigand, 'Bazianus und B.-Glossen
zum Dekret Gratian', SG 20 (1976) 453-96; idem, 'Die Glossen', SG 26, III.12.
Balbus (see Bernardus Papiensis)
Balduinus Brandenburgensis, a Franciscan, composed an important commentary on the Gregorian decretals, ca. 1266-70. He had studied theology at Paris, but probably also spent a considerable amount of time as a student of the canon law.
TEXTS: Summa titulorum sive scheda, MANUSCRIPT: Gdansk, MS 1873 (xviii.A.f.51) (books 1-3), MS 1874 (xviii.B.f.101) (books 4-5).
LITERATURE: H. Denifle, 'Zur Quellenkunde der
Franziskaner-Geschichte: Balduin von Braunschweig', Archiv für Literatur- und
Kirchengeschichte des Mittelalters 1 (1885) 630-40. B. Kurtscheid, 'De studio iuris
canonici in ordine fratrum minorum saeculi XIII', Antonianum 2 (1927) 174-81.
Schulte, QL II 498-503. A. Teetaert, 'Baudouin de Brandebourg ou de Brunswick', DDC 2
(1937) 263-66.
Baldwin (of Ford), a 'magister scholarum' in the mid-twelfth century. B. served as Archdeacon of Totnes in the diocese of Exeter from 1161-1170. He then retired to the Cistercian Abbey of Ford and became Abbot there by 1175. As Abbot, he served as a Papal judge-delegate on several occasions. B. became Bishop of Worcester in 1180, Archbishop of Canterbury in 1184, and died at Acre in 1190. As a canonist, Baldwin was a collector of Papal decretals (to Exeter, Worcester and Canterbury) and his influence may be seen behind the so-called 'Wigorniensis Group' of Decretal collections. (Collectiones Trinitatis, Wigorniensis, Claustroneoburgensis, Cheltenhamensis, Cottoniana, and Petrihusensis).
LITERATURE: Kuttner and E. Rathbone, 'Anglo-Norman canonists of the twelfth century', Traditio 7 (1949/51) 282-85;
Kuttner, 'Retractationes VIII', Gratian and the Schools (London 1983) 24; C.
Duggan, Twelfth Century Decretal Collections and their Importance in English History(University
of London Historical Studies XII; London 1963) 111-115. J. Noonan, 'Was Gratian Approved
at Ferrentino?', BMCL 6 (1976) 15-27 at 20-25. K. Schnith, 'Balduin of Canterbury', LMA 1
(1980) 1371-72.
Bandinus (Familiatus), Bolognese decretist and civilian (?). A Bandinus is also cited by the anonymous author of the Fragmentum Cantabrigiense (before 1159). Tancred mentions Bandinus in his Commentary on 1 Comp. 1.35.7 (X 3.22.3), Admont, Stftsbibl. 22, fol. 39r. Bandinus Familiatus swore an oath to the city of Bologna on 31 December, 1198. From Tancred's gloss one might assume that he also wrote on Roman law.
Bandinus de Gaetano (Gattanus), iurisperitus, is mentioned in a document from Pistoia dated 1215 and witnessed the oath sworn by Bandinus Familiatus in 1198.
LITERATURE: R. Weigand, Die bedingte
Eheschliessung im kanonischen Recht (Münchener Theologische Studien 3. Kan. Abt. 16;
Munich 1963) 1.122-23. Manlio Bellomo, Saggio sull'università nell'età
del diritto comune (Roma 1992) 43 n. 80. Ennio Cortese, Il diritto nella
storia medievale, 2: Il basso medioevo (Roma 1995) 155 n. 23. K.
Pennington, 'Lotharius of Cremona', BMCL 20 (1990) 45 and 50.
Bartholomeus Brixiensis (fl. 1234-58), a student of Tancred and the civilian Hugolinus and later professor of canon law at Bologna. He devoted most of his time to re-editing the canonistic works of his older colleagues which had been rendered obsolete by the appearance of the Decretales Gregorii IX in 1234. Besides revising Brocarda, the Historiae of Damasus, the ordo iudiciarius of Tancred, and the Casus of Benencasa Senensis, he also updated Johannes Teutonicus's Gloss to the Decretum (after 1234), adding his own comments. This text became the Glossa Ordinaria. Bartholomeus's Quaestiones have likewise been shown to be updates of an older collection.
TEXTS:1. Quaestiones dominicales et veneriales, MANUSCRIPTS: A. first recension (ca. 1227-34): Berlin, Staatsbibl. lat. , fol. 249, fol. 72r-86v; Paris, B.N. lat. 15424, fol. 147r-169vb. B. second recension (c.1234-41): Avignon, 281; Bamberg, Staatsbibl. Can 48, fol. 200-220; Basel, UB C.I.13 (2nd work); Berlin, Staatsbibl., fol. 305 (Rose 845) (incomplete); Darmstadt 317 (3rd work); Fulda, D.13; Leipzig, UB 972; 1024 (incomplete); 1063 (incomplete); Leipzig, Stadtbibl. 249; Magdeburg, Domgymnasium 155; Munich, Clm 4111; 5357; Perpignan 25 (incomplete); Prague, Kapitel J.XX; Reims 693; Rouen 740; Saint-Omer 253 (incomplete); Troyes, 1844; Vienna, Hofbibl. 2071; 2159; Wolfenbüttel 271; Würzburg, mp. s. f.7. Early Printed Edition: Rouen 1511.
2. Revised Glossa ordinaria Johannis Teutonici in Decretum, This version of the Ordinary Gloss appears regularly in the early printed editions of Gratian's Decretum.
3. Brocarda, Early Printed Edition: Lyons 1519; Tractatus xvii (Lyons 1549), fol. 25 ff.; Tractatus universi iuris xviii (Venice 1584), fol. 506 ff.
4. Casus decretorum (revision of the Casus of Benecasa Senensis), Early Printed Edition: Basel 1489 (Hain 2472); Lyons 1497.
5. Historie super libro decretorum, Early Printed Edition: Paris 1505 (with the Decretum Gratiani).
6. Ordo iudiciarius, MANUSCRIPTS: Erlangen, Universitätsbibl. 515, fol. 7-30.
LITERATURE: R. Abbondanza, DBI 6 (1963)
691b-696a. M. Bertram, 'Kanonistische Quaestionensammlungen von Bartholomaeus Brixiensis
bis Johannes Andreae', Proceedings Cambridge (MIC C-8; Vatican City 1988) 265-81.
G. Fransen, 'Utrumque ius dans les Quaestiones Andegavenses', Études d'histoire du
droit dédiées à Gabriel Le Bras (Paris 1965) 899. Kuttner, Repertorium
103-22, 453-54. G. Le Bras, 'Bartholomaeus Brixiensis', DDC 2 (1937) 216-17. Schulte, QL
II 83-88. H. Zapp, 'Bartholomeus Brixiensis', LMA 1 (1980) 1493.
Bartholomaeus de Labro, nothing is known about this canonist other than that he taught canon law at Bologna around 1284 and that a questio of his survives from the same year.
TEXTS: Questio
MANUSCRIPT: Darmstadt, Landesbibl. 853.
LITERATURE: Schulte, QL II 175.
Bartholomew of Exeter (d.1184), an English canonist and author of a penitential Summa which became one of the sources of Robert of Flamsborough's work. He also produced numerous theological writings.
TEXTS: Liber penitentialis, EDITION: A. Morey, Bartholomew of Exeter, bishop and canonist(Cambridge 1937) 160-300 (based solely on MS London). MANUSCRIPTS: London, Brit. Libr. Cotton Vitell. A.XII;
LITERATURE: Kuttner and E. Rathbone, 'Anglo-Norman canonists of the twelfth century', Traditio 7 (1949/51) 295, 318; H.
Oesterle, 'Balduin von Exeter', LMA 1 (1980) 1494.
Bazianus (Basianus), one of the most active Bolognese decretists of the 1180's. His glosses, carrying various sigla ('magister basianus', 'b', 'ba', 'baz', 'bar', etc.) appear in most gloss-compositions of the period, such as the apparatus Ordinaturus Magister. He does not seem to have composed a coherent work of his own, but there are several contemporary Summae which closely follow his teachings. His influence on the Summa Casinensis, for example, was very strong. Little is known about his life, but if we believe the information given on a tombstone in the cathedral of Bologna, Bazianus was a native of Bologna and died there in 1197. Most scholars since Diplovatatius have distinguished the decretist Bazianus from Johannes Bassianus (Cremonensis), the famous Roman lawyer. To the contrary, Annalisa Belloni and Domenico Maffei have recently presented evidence which may favor their identification as one person. It should be noted that the sigla 'Io. Cre. ', or 'Io. b.' were uniform when referring to the civilian. André Gouron, however, has argued that the two jurists should be distinguished from each other.
TEXTS:1. Glosse (A large number of single glosses on Gratian's Decretum).
EDITIONS: Several glosses have been printed by: M. Bertram, ZRG Kan. Abt. 66 (1970) 12-15; J. V. Schulte, 'Die Glosse zum Dekret Gratians', Denkschriften der kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, phil. - hist. Classe 21 (Vienna 1872) 56-64; R. Weigand, 'Bazianus and B.-Glossen zum Dekret Gratians', SG 19 (1976) 453-496.
2. Quaestiones (see Quaestiones Casinenses II)
3. Reportatio on the Decretum (?)
MANUSCRIPTS: See the Summa Casinensis, which seems to be based on such a reportatio.
LITERATURE: A. Belloni, 'Baziano, cioé Giovanni
Bassiano, legista e canonista del secolo XII', TRG 57 (1989) 69-85. A. Gouron,
'A la convergence des deux droits: Jean Bassien, Bazianus et maître
Jean', TRG 59 (1991) 319-32. Kuttner, Repertorium 250; idem,
'Bernardus Compostellanus Antiquus',
Traditio 1 (1943) 293 n.9. F.
Liotta, 'Baziano', Dizionario biografico degli italiani (Rome 1965) 313-15; idem,
La
continenza dei chierici (Milan 1971) 179-87. D. Maffei, 'Fra Bologna, Montpellier et
Palencia: Studi su Ugolino de Sesso', Rivista internazionale di diritto commune 1
(1990) 13 n.16. M. Sarti and M. Fattorini, De claris archigymnasii Bononiensis professoribus a saeculo XI usque ad saeculum XIV I (Bologna 1769) 367-69. Schulte, QL I 154-56.
A. Stickler, 'Sacerdotium et Regnum nei decretisti e primi decretalisti', Salesianum
15 (1953) 607-10. R. Weigand, 'Bazianus und B.-Glossen zum Dekret Gratians', SG
19 (1976) 453-496. Idem. 'Frühe Kanonisten und ihre Karriere in der Kirche', ZRG
Kan. Abt. 76 (1990) 145, 155 n. 97. A. Zeliauskas, De excommunicatione vitiata apud
glossatores (Zurich 1967) 235-36, 86.
Benencasa Aretinus (also Benincasa Senensis), was born in Arezzo, taught in Bologna and died in Siena in 1206. Benencasa composed the Casus on the Decretum (after 1191) which were used by Bartholomeus Brixiensis in his recension of Johannes Teutonicus's Ordinary Gloss.
TEXTS:1. Casus decretorum, EDITION: As revised by Bartholomaeus Brixiensis in the Decretumof Gratian, ed. Paris 1505; MANUSCRIPTS: Angers, Stadtbibl. 394, fol. 1-59; Bamberg, Staatsbibl. Can. 91, fol. 5-72v; Basel, Universitätsbibl. C.I.13, fol. -227rb; Hereford, Cathed. Libr. O.VI.14, fol. 62ff; Heverlee (Louvain), Abbaye de Parc, flyleaves; Kaliningrad (Königsberg), Universitätsbibl. 35, fol. 1-73v (incomplete; now lost?); Leipzig, Universitätsbibl. 984, fol. 1-58v [ breaks off at C.26 q.7 c.13]; Leipzig, Universitätsbibl. 988, fol. 1-239 (ends at De cons. D.2 c.36); Lindau, Stadtarchiv P.I.49, fol. 1-7 (D.51 c.5-C.1 q.1 c.115); London, Brit. Libr. Royal 9.E.VII, fol. 161-190 (includes C.2 - C.35 q.6 c.8); Madrid, Bib. Nac. 251 (last gloss-layer); 2221; Olomouc, Statny Arch. C.O.48; Oxford, Bodleian Laud. Misc. 646, fol. 129-184; Paris, B.N. lat. 3922, fol. 13-54v; lat. 15393 (inserted into the apparatus Ius naturale of Alanus Anglicus); lat. 14320, fol. 2-76; Paris, Bibl. Mazarine 1041, fol. 121-161; Plock, Diocesean Libr. 80, fol. 1-101v (destroyed in WW II); Prague, Nat. Mus. XVII A 12 (fourth set; selection of texts only); Rome, Casanatense 1910, fol. 111-169v; Vienna, ÖNB 2142, fol. 49-118v; Worcester Cathed. F.159, fol. 103-152v; Zwettl, Stiftsbibl. 297, fol. 1-85v.
LITERATURE: Kuttner, Repertorium
229-230, 431-33; idem, 'Bernardus Compostellanus Antiquus', Traditio 1 (1943) 284
n.26; idem and E. Rathbone, 'Anglo-Norman canonists of the twelfth century', Traditio
7 (1949/51) 284, 289 n.56; Kuttner, 'An interim checklist of manuscripts II', Traditio
12 (1956) 566; idem, 'Universal pope or servant of God's servants', RDC 32 (1981) 140;
idem, 'Retractationes VII', Gratian and the Schools (London 1983) 10, 13. F.
Liotta, La continenza dei chierici (Milan 1971) 188-95. R. Naz, 'Benencasa ou
Benincasa Senensis', DDC 2 (1937) 747. Schulte, QL I 170-71. H. Van de Wouw, 'Benencasa',
LMA 1 (1980) 1907. R. Weigand,, 'Die Rechtslehre der Scholastik bei den Dekretisten und
Dekretalisten', La norma en el derecho canonico(Pamplona 1989/90) 109-90?.
Berengarius Senensis, appears as a Bolognese canonist between 1242 and 1247.
LITERATURE: Schulte, QL II 174.
Bernard (pseudo-) of Bologna (XII century), is the name given to the author of a tract on the writing of privileges which is found at the end of Bernard of Bologna's Ars dictandi, second recension. This Bernard, however, was not the true author.
TEXTS: De doctrina priuilegiorum
EDITION: R. Spence, BMCL 12 (1982) 56-63.
LITERATURE: R. Spence, 'A twelfth-century
treatise on the writing of privileges', BMCL 12 (1982) 51-63.
Bernard of Pavia (see Bernardus Papiensis)
Bernardus Compostellanus Antiquus, canonist teaching and writing at Bologna from the end of the twelfth century well into the second decade of the thirteenth. Bernardus was unique among canonists in holding that the Emperor in Constantinople was the 'verus imperator'. Bernardus wrote glosses on the Decretum (c.1206-10) which have been preserved in the last layer of glosses in Gniezno MS 28. Bernardus wrote glosses on Compilatio prima, and may also have written on Compilatio secundathough such glosses have not been found. In two manuscripts from Vienna and the monastery of Zwettl may be found a reportatio of quaestiones from Bernardus which he put together while teaching at the short-lived school of Vicenza (1204-9). His most important work was a collection of Innocent III's decretals, the Compilatio Romana. Other sources attest that Bernardus wrote glosses on Compilatio secunda and a tract on marriage, though these works have never been identified. A manuscript in Douai contains an epilogue to Compilatio tertia bearing Bernardus's sigla. Bernardus' last work was a group of additiones to Johannes Teutonicus's gloss on the Decretum written in 1216-17. Bernardus' identification with the homonymous archdeacon of Santiago, attested between 1183 and 1232, is not certain.
TEXTS:1. Glosses on the Decretum (1201-05), MANUSCRIPTS: Gniezno MS 28.
2. Glosses on Compilatio prima (1205-06, Bologna) MANUSCRIPTS: Modena Bibl. Estense a R.4.16 (lat. 968), fol. 1-76 (third stratum); Erlangen, Universitätsbibl. 349; Freiburg, Universitätsbibl. 361a.
3. Glosses on Compilatio secunda (lost)
4. Compilatio Romana This collection was made up of Decretals from the first ten years of the reign of Pope Innocent III. Bernardus relied on the compilations of Alanus and Gilbertus for the texts of decretals, but there is evidence that he also consulted the Papal registers. Bernardus seems to have been a cavalier editor, cutting out much material from the texts of Decretals. For this reason, perhaps, Petrus Beneventanus was inspired to create another compilation of Innocent's decretals, the Compilatio tertia, which quickly superseded Bernardus's work.DATE/PLACE: 1208, Bologna EDITION: H. Singer, 'Die Dekretalensammlung des Bernardus Compostellanus antiquus', SB Wien 171, ii. (1914) 1-119.
MANUSCRIPTS: London, Brit. Libr. Harley 3834, fol. 202-356v; London, Brit. Libr. Royal 9 B. XI; Modena, Bibl. Estense XII L. 8; Paris, B.N. lat. 18223.
5. Quaestiones disputate (1204-09) EDITION: G. Fransen, Traditio 21 (1965) 492-501, has offered a summary analysis. MANUSCRIPTS: Vienna, ÖNB 2163 86va-90v; Zwettl 162 173-178v.
6. Summa de materia electionum (lost)
7. Epilogue to Compilatio tertia; MANUSCRIPT: Douai, Bibl. Munic. 598, fol. 120r.
8. Additiones ad Glossam ordinariam Johannis Teutonici (1216-17) MANUSCRIPT: Vatican, Bibl. Ap. lat. 1367 (second layer).
LITERATURE: G. Fransen, 'Deux collections de
Questions', Traditio 21 (1964) 492-501. A. García y García, 'La Canonística
Ibérica (1150-1250) en la investigación reciente', BMCL 11 (1981) 55. Kuttner, 'Bernardus Compostellanus Antiquus', Traditio 1 (1943) 277-340; idem,
'Retractationes VII', Gratian and the Schools of law 1140-1234 (London 1983) 7-23.
F. Liotta, La continenza dei chierici (Milan 1971) 230-39. P. Ourliac, 'Bernard de
Compostelle l 'ancien', DDC 2 (1937) 775. K. Pennington, 'The French Recension of
Compilatio tertia', BMCL 5 (1975) 53-71; idem, 'The Making of a Decretal Collection: The
Genesis of Compilatio tertia', Proceedings Salamanca (MIC C-4; Vatican City 1980).
Schulte, QL I 85, 190. M.L. Taranta, 'Bernardo da Vompostella', DBI 9 (1967) 267-69. R.
Weigand, 'Neue Mitteilungen aus Handschriften', Traditio 21 (1965) 482-84; idem, Die
bedingte Eheschliessung im kanonischen Recht I (Münchener Theologische Studien III.
Kan. Abt. 16; Munich 1963) 290-94. idem, Die Naturrechtslehre der Legisten und
Dekretisten von Irnerius bis Accursius und von Gratian bis Johannes Teutonicus
(Münchener Theologische Studien III. Kan. Abt. 26; Munich 1967) 280-81 and passim.
Bernardus Compostellanus junior, a canonist and papal capellanus active in the years 1245-1267.
TEXTS: 1. Commentary on book 1 of the Decretales Gregorii EDITIONS: Bernardus Compostellanus, Lectura aurea in primum librum Decretalium,cum Apostillis Anthonii de Crevant, Parisii : Galliot, 1516(Information provided by Andreas Thier ); Venice 1588.
MANUSCRIPTS: Angers, Bibl. Munic. 368, fol. 43-92, and 377; Arras, Bibl. Munic. 39 and 407; Bamberg, Staatsbibl. Can. 00 [P.II.3]; Basel, Universitätsbibl. C.i.18; Chartres, Bibl. Munic. 237, 316, 323, and 329; Darmstadt, Landesbibl. 853; Prague, Mus. M.17; St. Omer, Bibl. Munic. 160; Tarazona, Cat. 87; Toledo, Cab. 16-19, fol. 1-45rb, and 16-20; Troyes, Bibl. Munic. 949; Valencia, Cat. 310, fol. 186ra-275va; Venice, Marc. 33; Würzburg, Universitätsbibl. Mp.s.5 and 6.
2. Summarium sive Margarita ad apparatum in Decretales Innocentii IV EDITION: Paris 1516. MANUSCRIPTS: Paris, B.N. lat. 18223; Syracuse, University Library, 1, fol. 2r-12v; Vienna, ÖNB lat. 2138.
3. Apparatus in Decretales Innocentii IV (in two recensions, the first ca. 1246-53, the second after 1258) MANUSCRIPTS: Barcelona, Cat. 93; Olomouc, Kap. 268, fol. 1-14.
LITERATURE: G. Barraclough, EHR 49 (1934)
487-94; idem, 'Bernard de Compostelle le jeune', DDC 2 (1937) 777-79. A. Bernal Palacios,
'Repertorios del Comentario de Inocencio IV a las Decretales de Gregorio IX', Escritos
del vedat 17 (1987) 143-72; idem, 'El Repertorio existente en la Biblioteca
Universitaria de Barcellona del comentario de Inocencio IV', Escritos del vedat
18 (1988) 125-200. A. García y García, 'Notas sobre la canonística ibérica de los
siglos XIII-XV', SG 9 (1966) 162-63; idem, 'La Canonística ibérica medieval posterior al
Decreto de Graciano', Repertorio de Historia de las Cienicas eclesiasticas en España
1 (1967) 409. Kuttner, ZRG Kan. Abt. 26 (1937) 455ff; idem, SDHI 6 (1940) 73 n.7.
Schulte, QL II 118-20.
Bernardus de Montemirato (Abbas antiquus), born c. 1225 at Montmirat, near Nîmes. He studied and taught canon law at Bologna, as is attested by his Lectura on the Gregorian decretals, written c.1259-66. The latter date can be determined through the records of the Benedictine abbey of Aniane (near Montpellier), where he first appeared in 1266. Later in the same year, Pope Clement IV made him abbot of Montmajour. In 1386, he was appointed to the bishopric of Tripoli in Syria, but did not arrive there as long as it was still in the crusader's hands (until 1289). After several years in papal diplomatic service, he was finally assigned the administration of the monastery of Montecassino (1295), where he died in 1296.
TEXTS: 1. Lectura decretalium Gregorii IX EDITIONS: Strasbourg 1510; In libros decretalium aurei commentarii I (Venice 1588), fol. 1r-152r.
2. Lectura decretalium Innocentii IV MANUSCRIPTS: (following Schulte, QL II 132 n.8) Bamberg, Staatsbibl. Can. 58; Cassel, Landesbibl. Jur. in, fol. 5; Darmstadt, Landesbibl. 853; Prague, Mus. I.B.3-4; Prague, Metrop. Chap. I.XIV.
3. Distinctiones MANUSCRIPTS: (following Schulte, QL II 132 n.12): Bamberg, Staatsbibl. Can. 58; Cassel, Landesbibl. Jur. in, fol. 5; Frankfurt, Stadtbibl. 43; Prague, Mus. I.B.3-4.
LITERATURE: Kuttner, 'Wer war der Dekretalist
Abbas antiquus?', ZRG Kan. Abt. 26 (1937) 471-89; Schulte, QL II 130-32; anon.,
'Bernardo
da Montmirat', DBI 9 (1967) 274-275.
Bernardus Papiensis prepositus cuius breviarium, the incipit of two related Summae on Compilatio I from the Parisian school of Petrus Brito (ca. 1201-10) See also entry on Petrus Brito.
EDITION: Several excerpts have been compared and printed by R. Weigand, Traditio 22 (1970) 450-454.
MANUSCRIPT: Paris, B.N. lat. 15398, fol. 289v-292v (misbound and fragmentary); St. Omer, Bibl. Munic. 107, fol. 3-114v.
LITERATURE: G. Fransen, 'Trois notes', Traditio
26 (1970) 444; Kuttner, Repertorium 391. R. Weigand, 'Glossenapparat zur
Compilatio prima aus der Schule des Petrus Brito', Traditio 26 (1970) 449-457.
Bernardus Papiensis (Balbus), born in Pavia. Bernardus studied at Bologna under Bazianus, Gandulphus, and (perhaps) Huguccio. He taught at Bologna during the 1170's and then spent time at Rome working in the curia. In 1187, Bernardus became Provost of Pavia. In 1191, he succeeded Johannes Faventinus as Bishop of Faenza. In 1198, he was postulated to the bishopric of Pavia. He died there on 18 September 1213.
Bernardus was the most important twelfth-century canonist after Huguccio. He wrote glosses on the Decretum which formed the core of the apparatus Ordinaturus magister, which passed for the Ordinary Gloss to the Decretum until the time of Johannes Teutonicus. But Bernardus's lasting achievement was as a decretalist. Bernardus first compiled a modest decretal collection, the Collection in ninety-five titles (or Parisiensis II), between 1177-1179. But far more important was Bernardus's creation, around 1190, of the large, systematic decretal collection, Breuiarium extrauagantium, which became the model for all subsequent collections. He also wrote glosses, Casus and a Summa on the Breuiarium organized by title which helped to establish the genre of the Summa super titulis. The chronology of Bernardus's writings poses significant problems; it seems likely that he wrote and then revised most of his works at least once and perhaps several times.
TEXTS:1. Glosses on Decretum (See Ordinaturus Magister)
2. Collection in ninety-five titles (see Collectio Parisiensis II)
3. Breuiarium extrauagantium (See Compilatio prima).
4. Glosses on Compilatio I MANUSCRIPTS: Erlangen, Universitätsbibl. 349 (together with the apparatus of Alanus); Fulda, Landesbibl. D.5 (with Alanus); Munich, Clm 6352 (together with the apparatus of Ricardus Anglicus); Munich, Clm 8302 (with Ricardus Anglicus); Munich, Clm 3879 (with Alanus); Karlsruhe, Landesbibl. Aug. XL (with Alanus). For other MSS including Bernard's glosses see Kuttner, Repertorium 323; and idem, 'Bernardus Compostellanus Antiquus', Traditio 1 (1943) 312 n.19.
5. Summa titulorum decretalium (ca. 1191-98) EDITION: E. Theodor Laspeyres, ed. Bernardus Papiensis Faventini episcopi Summa decretalium (Regensburg 1860; repr. Graz 1956) 1-283 [used manuscripts Halle, Leipzig, Munich, Clm 16083, 22304, and 4592, Paris, and Vienna].MANUSCRIPTS: Avignon, Bibl. de la Ville 661, fol. 85-119v; Bamberg, Staatsbibl. Can. 45, fol. 8-22; Berlin, Staatsbibl. lat. , fol. 350; Bern, Stadt. A. 94 [19 folios; ends at 1 Comp. 2.20]; Cambrai, Stadtbibl. 253, fol. 82-113v (ends at 1 Comp. 4.19); Cues, Hospital 226, fol. 38-48v (ends at 1 Comp. 5.15); Fulda, Landesbibl. D.5, fol. 1-83 (with decretal text); Halle, Universitätsbibl. Ye. 80, fol. 1-78 (with decretal text); Leipzig, Universitätsbibl. 982; London, Brit. Libr. Royal 9. E. XIV, fol. 191-197v (ends at 1 Comp. 4.1); Monte Cassino, Bibl. dell 'abbazia 46, p. 1-278 (excerpts only; with decretal text); Munich, Clm 3507, fol. 51ff; Munich, Clm 4592, fol. 76-117; Munich, Clm 16083, fol. 5-36; Munich, Clm 22304, fol. 84-130; Paris, B.N. lat. 3934A, fol. 1-20; Rome, Bibl. Vallicelliana C.44, fol. 4-40v; Troyes, Bibl. Munic. 385 (with decretal text); Vatican City, Vat. lat. 2691, fol. 21-44v; Vat. lat. 11502, fol. 1-103; Vercelli, Arch. Cap. 176 [Ar. 191], fol. 17-49; Vienna, ÖNB 1326, fol. 111-132; Berkeley, School of Law, Robbins Coll. 7
6. Casus decretalium (after 1198) EDITION: in part by E. Theodor Laspeyres (1860) 327-52 [used MS Frankfurt am Main, Stadtbibl. 43]. MANUSCRIPTS: Alba Iulia, Bibl. Batthyanyana 292, fol. 1r-40v; Berlin, Staatsbibl. lat. fol. 350; Chalons-sur-Saône, Bibl. de la Ville 16; Frankfurt am Main, Stadtbibl. 43; Fulda, Landesbibl. D. 5, fol. 1-83 (excerpts only; with decretal text); Leipzig, Universitätsbibl. 984, fol. 67-89v; Oxford, Bodleian Library lat. misc. 60 (14 leaves containing parts of books 3 and 4); Vatican City, Vat. lat. 2691, fol. 59-82; Zwettl, Stiftsbibl. 279, fol. 86r-106r.
7. Summa de electione (ca. 1177-79) EDITION: E. T. Laspeyres (1860) 307-23.
MANUSCRIPTS: Amiens, Bibl. Munic. 377, fol. 148va-151ra; Ivrea 67, fol. 46ra-47vb (incomplete); Paris, B.N. lat. 1566, fol. 69vb-78vb.
8. Summa de matrimonio (ca. 1173-79) EDITION: E. T. Laspeyres (1860) 287-306 (based on MS Paris, B.N. lat. 1566); F. Kunstmann, AKKR 6 (1861) 223-62 (based on MS Paris and Munich, Clm 8302). MANUSCRIPTS: Amiens, Bibl. Munic. 377, fol. 151ra-54vb; Munich, Clm 8302; Monte Cassino, Bibl. dell 'abbazia 396, p. 1-20; Paris, B.N. lat. 1566, fol. 56ra-69vb; lat. 3454, fol. 49-52; Torino, Bibl. Nat. D.V.2, fol. 99-109; Würzburg, Universitätsbibl. Mp. th., fol. 122, fol. 26v-31r; Zwettl, Stiftsbibl. 162, fol. 66-70r.
9. Argumenta or Notabilia MANUSCRIPTS: Melk, Stiftsbibl. 190 (333), fol. 252v-254v.
LITERATURE: M. Bertram, 'Some additions to the
"Repertorium der Kanonistik",' BMCL 4 (1974) 9-10; F. Cantelar, 'Bernardus
Papiensis: "Doctor meus Hugo": Huguccio of Pisa or Hugo de San Victor?', ZRG
Kan. Abt. 55 (1969) 448-57. J. Hanenburg, 'Decretals and Decretal Collections in the
Second Half of the twelfth century', TRG 34 (1966) 522-99. F. Kunstmann, 'Das Eherecht des
Bischofs Bernhard von Pavia', AKKR 6 (1861) 223-62. Kuttner, Repertorium
322-323, 387-90, 398-99, 462; idem and E. Rathbone, 'Anglo-Norman canonists of the twelfth
century', Traditio 7 (1949/51) 295-300, 312-315; Kuttner, 'Retractationes VII', Gratian
and the schools of law(London 1983) 15-17. E. T. Laspeyres, ed. Bernardus Papiensis
Faventini episcopi Summa decretalium (Regensburg 1860; repr. Graz 1956). G. Le Bras,
'Bernard de Pavie', DDC 2 (1937) 782-89. F. Liotta, 'Bernardo di Pavia', DBI 9 (1967)
279-84; idem, La continenza dei chierici (Milan 1971) 305-9. H. Müller, Der
Anteil der Laien an der Bischofswahl (Amsterdam 1977) 78-84; Schulte, QL I 78-82,
175-82. R. Weigand,, Die bedingte Eheschliessung im kanonischen Recht I(Münchener
Theologische Studien III. Kan. Abt. 16; Munich 1963) 241-60; idem, Die Naturrechtslehre
der Legisten und Dekretisten von Irnerius bis Accursius und von Gratian bis Johannes
Teutonicus (Münchener Theologische Studien III. Kan. Abt. 26; Munich 1967) 416, 422;
idem, 'Bazianus- und B.-Glossen zum Dekret Gratians', SG 20 (1976) 477-90; idem,
'Die
Glossen', SG 26 III.11.
Bernardus Parmensis (Bottono, de Botone), born in the late twelfth or early thirteenth century, Bernardus studied canon law at Bologna under Tancred; eventually he became a canon and taught canon law there. By 1247, Bernard was also a papal chaplain. His major work was his gloss on the decretals of Gregory IX, which became the Glossa Ordinaria. Bernardus revised and rewrote this work repeatedly from 1241 until his death in 1266, resulting in at least four recensions.
TEXTS:1. Gloss to the Decretales Gregorii IX (Glossa ordinaria) Bernardus integrated many glosses by Alanus, Bernardus Compostellanus Antiquus, Laurentius, Tancredus, and Vincentius on the Compilationes antique into a large apparatus which quickly became accepted as the Glossa ordinaria. MANUSCRIPTS: A. first version (1234-41): Oxford, Bodl. Th.b.4;B. second version (1243-45): C. third version (1245-53): D. fourth version (1263):
2. Casus longi (ad Decretales) EDITIONS: (Hain 2929-2939); Venice 1477.
3. Notabilia
4. Summa super titulis decretalium MANUSCRIPTS: Chartres, Bibl. Munic. 245; Frankfurt, Stadtbibl. 155; Troyes, Bibl. Munic. 559; Vienna, ÖNB lat. 2190.
LITERATURE: R. Abbondanza, 'Bernardus da Parma',
DBI 9 (1967) 276-9; Kuttner and B. Smalley, 'The Glossa Ordinaria to the Gregorian
decretals', EHR 60 (1945) 97-105. Kuttner, 'Notes on the Glossa ordinaria of Bernard of
Parma', BMCL 11 (1981) 86-93. P. Ourliac, 'Bernard de Parme ou de Botone', DDC 2 (1937)
781-2. Schulte, QL II 114-17. H. Zapp, 'Bernardus de Bottone', LMA 1 (1980) 1976.
Bertoldus, a Bolognese canonist, left a questio from 1283. Johannes Andreae later cites him in his Novelle ad Sextum (VI 1.6.25, 1.15.2, and 3.6.1).
TEXT: 1. Questio MANUSCRIPT: Darmstadt, Landesbibl. 853.
LITERATURE: Schulte, QL II 175.
Bertrandus, a canonist of the early thirteenth century who wrote glosses on the Decretum. He is often cited in Guido de Baysio's Rosarium. His glosses appear in Berlin, Staatsbibl. lat. , fol. 2 (second layer).
LITERATURE: Kuttner, Repertorium
100-101; idem, 'Bernardus Compostellanus Antiquus', Traditio 1 (1943) 333 n.51.
Boatinus of Mantua, studied canon law, probably at Bologna. He then taught at Padua for forty-four years. He became a canon of the Cathedral sometime after 1275. From ca. 1283 to 1295, he was archpriest of the chapter. He died in Padua in 1300.
TEXTS:1. Commentary on the Decretales Gregorii MANUSCRIPTS: Prague, Mus. I.B.4, fol. 1-70; Vienna, ÖNB lat. 2219, fol. 111ra-67rb.
2. Commentary on the Constitutions of Lyons II (1277) MANUSCRIPTS: Prague, Mus. I.B.4; Vienna, ÖNB lat. 2219.
LITERATURE: Anon. 'Bovetini, Bovetino de', DBI
13 (1971) 543-46. M. Bertram, 'Zur Wissenschaftlichen Bearbeitung der Konstitutionen
Gregors X', QF 53 (1973) 459-67 at 463. Schulte, QL II 157-60; A. Teetaert, 'Bovetino de
Bovettini', DDC 2 (1937) 976-80.
Bonaguida Aretinus, advocate at the Roman curia during the pontificate of Innocent IV (1241-54). His writing on the advocacy deal with the practical, procedural concerns of his profession. It was an important source of the ordines of Egidius de Fuscarariis and Guilelmus Durantis. Bonaguida's Consuetudines offer a unique source for the administrative routines of the papal curia and the chancery in the thirteenth century.
TEXTS: 1. Summa super officio advocationis, EDITION: A. Wunderlich, Anecdota quae processum civilem spectant (Göttingen 1841) 132-345.
2. Tractatus de dispensationibus (based on Johannes de Deo), EDITION: Tractatus universi iuris xiv (Venice 1584), fol. 173-75.
3. Consuetudines Curie Romane, EDITION: L. Wahrmund, 'Die consuetudines curiae Romanae', AKKR 79 (1899) 3-19.
4. Gemma sive Margarita Decretalium, EDITION: Tractatus plurimorum doctorum (Lyons 1519), fol. 31-69.
LITERATURE: G. Barraclough, 'Bonaguida de
Aretinis', DDC 2 (1937) 934-40; S. Caprioli, 'Bonaguida d'Arezzo', DBI 11 (1969) 512-13;
Schulte, QL II 110-13. H. Van de Wouw, 'Bonaguida Aretinus', LMA 2 (1981) 401.
Breuiarium extrauagantium (see Compilatio
Prima)
Brocarda Florianensia, the title given to two collections of brocarda in two MSS from St. Florian. The first (I) is doctrinally dependent on the Generalia of Ricardus Anglicus, while the second (II) is more primitive an older.
MANUSCRIPT: Saint Florian, Stiftsbibl. XI.346, fol. 156rb-180v, 155r-156ra (I); Saint Florian, Stiftsbibl. XI.720, fol. 73-81 (II).
LITERATURE: Kuttner, Repertorium 422;
idem, 'Reflexions sur les Brocards des Glossateurs', Mélanges Joseph de Ghellinck,
S.J. II (Gembloux 1951) 779 n.50.
Brocarda 'Quod nullus privetur iure suo'
(see Brocarda Florianensia I)
Brocarda de presumptionibus (see Summa
de presumptionibus)
Brocarda MS Vatican, lat. 10754, offer a series of canonistic arguments taken from parts (D.1 c.10 - D.96 c.11) of the Summa of Simon of Bisignano, but with a different treatment.
MANUSCRIPT: Vatican, Bibl. Ap. lat. 10754, fol. 83-85r.
LITERATURE: M. Bertram, 'Some additions to the
"Repertorium der Kanonistik",' BMCL 4 (1974) 16; Kuttner, 'Réflexions sur
les Brocards des Glossateurs', Mélanges Joseph de Ghellinck, S.J.II (Gembloux
1951) 778.
Buonaguida of Arezzo (see Bonaguida Aretinus)
Burchard of Strasbourg (fl. ca. 1295), a Dominican at the local convent, is known as the author of a penitential Summa iuris, which offered an update and adaptation of the homonymous work of Raymond of Penyafort.
TEXTS: Summa casuum, MANUSCRIPTS: Assisi, Bibl. Comm. 636, fol. 1-76; Bruges, Bibl. Commun. 305; Donaueschingen, Stadtbibl. 223; Erlangen, Universitätsbibl. 367, fol. 1-93; Leipzig, Universitätsbibl. 1016; Munich, Clm 7810, lat. 7828; Nîmes, Bibl. Munic. 47; Oxford, Bodl. Laud. Misc. 483, fol. 1-96; Oxford, Bodl. Can. misc. 83, fol. 1-98; Padova, Bibl. Anton. XVIII.394 and XXII.540; Paris, B.N. lat. 3253; Prague, Universitätsbibl. IV.E.9; Vienna, ÖNB lat. 1709.
LITERATURE: J. Dietterle, 'Die "Summae confessorum (sive de casibus conscientiae)" von ihren Anfängen an bis Silvester Prierias', ZKG 25 (1904) 268-72; T. Kaeppeli, Scriptores ordinis praedicatorum medii aevi 1 (Rome 1970) 256-57; P. Michaud-Quantin, Sommes casuistique et manuels de confession au moyen âge (Louvain - Lille - Montreal 1962) 42; Schulte, QL II 423-24; A. Teetaert, 'Burchard de Strasbourg', DDC 2 (1937) 1136-1141.