The "Vertigo shot" and
the oneiric narrative

The "Vertigo shot" was created by simultaneously zooming in and tracking backward; the result is that the foreground remains stable while the background expands backwards. The shot was done using a model of the tower stairs laid horizontally on its side. The Vertigo shot has been widely imitated , including in Jaws, Goodfellas, and the first Lord of the Rings movie.

Is it all a dream?
How does Scottie get down from his dangling position at the start of the story? One critical theory is that he doesn't, that the entire movie is a hallucination, an oneiric narrative. Vertigo ends as it begins, with Scottie staring down helplessly from a great height--though with his vertigo cured.

Hitchcock shot an additional scene for Vertigo, never used, which would change the frame. See discussion of this and other possible changes to the movie.