d.-glosses, appear in a strata of Bolognese glosses composed during the 1180's. They are probably unrelated to David of London, whose canonistic activities date to a time prior to the 1170's. As an alternative, Weigand suggests identity with Magister Daifer.

MANUSCRIPTS: see R. Weigand (1991) III.19.

LITERATURE: S. Kuttner, Repertorium 19, 51; idem, `Bernardus Compostellanus Antiquus', Traditio 1 (1943) 281 n.15. R. Weigand, `Glossenstudien', III.19.

Daifer, Magister, wrote at least one gloss on the Decretum. Rudolf Weigand suggests that Daifer may have been the author of d.-gloss.

TEXTS: signed gloss, Arras, MS 271, fol. 187ra.

LITERATURE: R. Weigand, `Glossenstudien', SG 25/26 (1991).

Damasus, born in Hungary rather than Bohemia, studied at Bologna and was `Magister Decreti' at the beginning of the thirteenth century. Damasus taught there until c.1217, the date of his glosses on the arbor consanguinitatis, his last known work. He may also have taught in Hungary. D. wrote an apparatus of glosses on the first three Compilationes, the Constitutions of the Fourth Lateran Council and the Arbor consanguinitatis. Danasus also wrote Brocarda on the Decretum, Quaestiones, and two Summae on decretals. With Alanus Anglicus and Laurentius Hispanus, Damasus influenced the study of canon law in the early thirteenth century by the heavy introduction of Roman law learning.

TEXTS:1. Apparatus ad Compilationem primam, MANUSCRIPTS: Bamberg, Staatsbibl. Can. 19, fol. 1-77v (second layer); Basel, Universitätsbibl. C.I.13, fol. 246ra-265vb [breaks at 1 Comp. 5.14]; Geneva, Bibl. public et univer. lat. 167 <many glosses signed with d.>; Paris B.N. lat. 3930, fol. 1-64v. According to García y García, the Paris manuscript contains a first recension, the Bamberg manuscript a second.

2. Apparatus ad Compilationem secundam, MANUSCRIPTS: Paris B.N. lat. 3930, fol. 65-98; Bamberg, Staatsbibl. Can. 19, fol. 79-116. According to García y García, the Paris manuscript contains a first recension, the Bamberg manuscript a second.

3. Apparatus ad compilationem tertiam (comments in 1 and 2 such as, `ut ibi notaui', indicate that Damasus wrote such a work, but it has never been found).

4. Apparatus ad constitutiones quarti concilii Lateranensis EDITION: A. García y García, Constitutiones Concilii quarti Lateranensis una cum Commentariis glossatorum (MIC A-2; Vatican City 1981) 387-460.

5. Brocarda, MANUSCRIPTS: Basel, Universitätsbibl. C.I.13; Berlin, Stadtbibl. lat. , fol. 249, fol. 32va-39rc; Bologna, Coll. di Spagna 217; Bruges, Bibl. de la Ville 366, fol. 55r-77r; Fulda, Landesbibl. D.10, fol. 72r-78r; Leipzig, Universitätsbibl. 928, fol. 93-108; Karlsruhe, Landesbibl. Fragm. 174; London, BM Addit.24979, fol. 16-; Nuremberg, Stadtbibl. Cent. V. 95, fol. 59-81; Oxford, Bodleian Library Laud. Misc. 646, fol. 100-106v; Paris, B.N. lat. 3969, fol. 1-8; Paris, B.N. lat. 14320, fol. 213-221; Prague, Nationalmuseum XVII A. 16, fol. 146-149; Rome, Casinensis 1910, fol. 34v-38; Vatican City, Vat. Borgh. 261, fol. 45-52; Vienna, ÖNB 2080, fol. 127-134.

6. Quaestiones, MANUSCRIPTS: Angers, Stadtbibl. 394, fol. 84f [incomplete]; Bamberg, Staatsbibl. Can. 42, fol. 9-28; Can. 45, fol. 75-89; Basel, Universitätsbibl. C.I.13, fol. 266ra-282rb; Berlin, Stadtbibl. lat. , fol. 249, fol. 39ra-54rb; Fulda, Landesbibl. D.10, fol. 56-58v; Klosterneuberg, Stifstbibl. 656; Königsberg, Universitätsbibl. 17, fol. 1-12; Leipzig, Universitätsbibl. 928, fol. 55-92; Leipzig, Universitätsbibl. 975, fol. 197-208; London, Lambeth Palace 139, fol. 160-61 [fragmentary]; Oxford, Bodleian Library Laud. Misc. 646, fol. 82-99; Padua, Bibl. Antoniana 68; Paris, B.N. lat. 14320, fol. 172v-192; Vatican City, Vat. Borgh. 261, fol. 19-44v; Vat. Pal. lat. 656, fol. 203-226; Venice, S. Marco VIII 22, fol. 72-89; Vienna, ÖNB 2080, fol. 107-118; Worcester, Cathed. F.159, fol. 46-61.

7. Summa decretalium, MANUSCRIPTS: Angers, Stadtbibl. 394, fol. 100ff; Avranches, Stadtbibl. 156, fol. 19ff; Basel, Universitätsbibl. C.I.13, fol. 20 ff; Berlin, Stadtbibl. lat. , fol. 249, fol. 1r-16ra; Berlin, Stadtbibl. theol. lat. , fol. 440, fol. 97-149v; Bern, Stadtbibl. 688, fol. 72-101v; Klosterneuberg, Stifstbibl. 1048; Leipzig, Universitätsbibl. 928, fol. 25-54v; Leipzig, Universitätsbibl. 975, fol. 172v-184; London, Brit. Libr. Royal 6 B X, fol. 133ff; Monte Cassino, Bibl. dell'abbazia 136, p. 281-316; Oxford, Bodleian Library Laud. Misc. 646, fol. 107-128; Paris, B.N. lat. 14320, fol. 151-172v; Rome, Casanatense 1910, fol. 76-90v; Vatican City, Vat. Borgh. 261, fol. 1-18v; Vat. Pal. lat. 656, fol. 159-174; Venice, S. Marco VIII 22, fol. 1-22; Vienna, ÖNB 2080, fol. 97-107; Worcester, Cathed. F.159, fol. 71-85v.

8. Summa titulorum decretalium (`Vilitati sociorum meorum'), EDITION: A. Vetulani, SG 1 (1953) 281-82, has printed most of the prologue; MANUSCRIPTS: Gniezno, Bibl. Kapit. 50, fol. 75-108v; Trier, Stadtbibl. 922, fol. 61-90v (ends at 1 Comp. 5.34).

9. Glosses on Arborem consanguinitatis, EDITION: By A. García y García, ZRG Kan. Abt. 68 (1982) 153-85.

MANUSCRIPTS: Graz, Universitätsbibl. 138, fol. 289r; Vatican City, Vat. Pal. lat. 625, fol. 3vb; Rouen, Bibl. Munic. 706, fol. 297va-b; Vat, Ross. lat. 595, fol. 2ra-b.

LITERATURE: M. Bertram, `Some additions to the "Repertorium der Kanonistik",' BMCL 4 (1974) 11, 13; A. García y García, `Observaciones sobre los Apparatus de Dámaso Húngaro a la tres primeras Compilaciones antiguas', Traditio 18 (1962) 469-71; idem, `Glosas de Juan Teutónico, Vicente Hispano y Dámaso Húngaro a los Arbores Consanguinitatis et Affinitatis', ZRG Kan. Abt. 68 (1982) 153-185. S. Kuttner, `Damasus als Glossator', ZRG Kan. Abt. 23 (1934); idem, Repertorium 393-96, 419-22, 426-28; idem, `Retractationes IX', Gratian and the schools of law(London 1983) 41. C. Lefebvre, `Damasus', DDC 4 (1949) 1014-19. F. Liotta, La continenza dei chierici (Milan 1971) 360-66. Schulte, QL I 194-96. H. Van de Wouw, `Damasus', LMA 3 (1986) 470-71; A. Vetulani, SG 1 (1953) 281-82. R. Weigand, `Mitteilungen aus Handschriften', Traditio16 (1960) 561; idem, Die bedingte Eheschliessung im kanonischen Recht I (Munich 1963) 362-75.

David of London, probably studied canon law in French schools and in Bologna before 1170. His identity with a Bolognese glossator of the 1180's who signed his glosses with `d.' is unlikely.

TEXTS: Glosses on Decretum, MANUSCRIPTS: see R. Weigand (1991) III.19).

LITERATURE: S. Kuttner, `Bernardus Compostellanus Antiquus', Traditio 1 (1943) 281; idem and E. Rathbone, `Anglo-Norman canonists of the twelfth century', Traditio 7 (1949/51) 286. S. Kuttner, Gratian and the Schools, `Retractationes' VIII 26. R. Weigand, `Glossenstudien', SG 26 (1991) III.19.

De coniugio: `Cum alia sacramenta...' (see under Marriage Tract:)

De ortu coniugii: `Sacramentum coniugii non ab homine...' (see under Marriage Tract:)

De instrumentis falsis uel suspectis in iudicio reprobandis, a canonist's reworking of a civilian treatise, de reprobatione instrumentorum.

EDITION: None

MANUSCRIPTS: Rome, Bibl. Casanat. 1910, fol. 74ra-rb.

LITERATURE: R. Fraher, `Tancred's "Summula de criminibus": A new text and a key to the "Ordo iudiciarius",' BMCL 9 (1979) 23-35.

De modis arguendi

MANUSCRIPTS:

LITERATURE: S. Caprioli, `De "modis arguendi" scripta rariora: 1.(-5)', Studi senesi III.12 (1963) 30-56, 107-90, 230-53; III.14 (1965) 355-414.

De modis soluendi contraria, an unusual work, a collection of loci for the resolving of contradictions between legal texts. In 1937, Kuttner labeled this work as a Notabilia in the Repertorium de Kanonistik; but by 1966, he decided it was a work in a genre by itself.

MANUSCRIPTS: Troyes, Bibl. Munic. 936, fol. 117va-119rb; Worcester MS F 159, fol. 185rb-vb.

LITERATURE: S. Kuttner, Repertorium, 415; idem, `De modis soluendi contraria', Traditio 22 (1966) 478-79.

De ortu coniugii: `Sacramentum coniugii non ab homine'

MANUSCRIPTS: Stuttgart HB VI 63, fol. 43-49.

LITERATURE:

De presumptionibus (see Summa de presumptionibus)

De quaestione incidenti et emergenti, a decretalist's reworking of a civilian treatise; almost certainly not the work of Tancred.

MANUSCRIPTS: Rome, Bibl. Casanat. 1910, fol. 74rb.

LITERATURE: R. Fraher, `Tancred's "Summula de criminibus": A new text and a key to the "Ordo iudiciarius",' BMCL 9 (1979) 23-35.

Decretales Gregorii IX (Also Liber Extra), a compilation of the Decretals from the Compilationes antique edited and reorganized by Raymundus de Peñafort at the command of Pope Gregory IX. According to the promulgation bull of 1234, `Rex pacificus', Raymundus eliminated all that was contradictory or repetitious. Pope Gregory also contributed decretals, some of them not written on specific cases but stating more abstract points of law. Although the Pope declared that decretals which had been omitted were no longer to be cited, some canonists did so because they valued the `ratio' which a particular decretal contained. Although `Rex pacificus' marked an important step on the road to a positive theory of law, nevertheless the older paradigm of law as a sort of written reason was by no means overthrown.

The organization of the Decretales followed the pattern established in the Compilationes antique. There were five books whose contents were suggested by the mnemonic, `iudex, iudicium, clerum, connubia, crimen'. Each book is divided into titles such as `de consuetudine', `de prebendis' and `de uerborum significatione' which contained a series of decretal letters arranged generally in chronological order.

Major commentaries on the Decretales Gregorii IX were written by the following canonists in the thirteenth century: Aegidius de Fuscarariis, Balduinus Brandenburgensis, Bernardus de Montemirato Bernardus Parmensis (this was the Glossa Ordinaria), Boatinus of Mantua, Bonaguida Aretinus, Egidius de Fuscarariis, Franciscus de Albano, Goffredus de Trano (Tranensis), Guillelmus Naso, Henry of Merseyburg, Henry of Susa, Innocent IV, Pope, Johannes (Guidonis) de Ancona, Johannes Hispanus de Compostela, Johannes de Phintona, Petrus Sampson and Vincentius Hispanus. Later commentaries were written by Alexander de Nevo, Alexander Tartagnus, Andreas Barbatius, Angelo da Castro, Antonius de Butrio, Antonius de Rosellis, Arnold Westphal, Augustin Bero, Baldus de Ubaldis, Benedictus Capra, Cosma Contarini, Dominicus de Sancto Geminiano, Egidius de Bellamera, Felinus Sandeus, Franciscus de Accoltis, Franciscus Zabarella, Giacomo Zocchi, Giovanni Giacomo Can, Henricus Bohic, Henricus minor, Jacobus Cionis Illerdensis, Johannes Andreae, Johannes Franciscus Poggius, Johannes de Lignano, Marianus Socinus, Martinus Martini, Nicolaus de Tudeschis, Paulus de Aretio, Petrus de Ancharano, Petrus Joannis, Philipus Decius, Prosdocimo Conti and Stefano Buonaccorsi.

AUTHOR: compiled and edited by Ramundus de Peñafort

EDITION: E. Friedberg, ed. Corpus iuris canonici, vol. II. (Leipzig 1879 [repr. ed. Graz 1959] 1-928.

LITERATURE: S. Horwitz, `Magistri and magisterium: Saint Raymond of Peñafort and the Gregoriana', Escritos del vedat 7 (1977) 209-38; idem, `Reshaping a decretal chapter: Tua nobis and the canonists', Law, church, and society: Essays in honor of Stephan Kuttner, ed. K. Pennington and R. Somerville (Philadelphia 1977) 207-21. S. Kuttner, `Raymond of Penyafort as editor: The "decretales" and "constitutiones" of Gregory IX', BMCL 12 (1982) 65-80. Schulte, QL II 3-25.

Decretum (see Gratian)

Decretum versificatum (see Werner von Schussenried)

Distinctio De absentia, a canonist's expansion of the civilian Hugolinus's Distinctio Cum aliquis est.

EDITION: none

MANUSCRIPTS: Rome, Bibl. Casanat. 1910, fol. 74rb

LITERATURE: R. Fraher, `Tancred's "Summula de criminibus": A new text and a key to the "Ordo iudiciarius",' BMCL 9 (1979) 23-35. S. Kuttner, `Analecta iuridica Vaticana (Vat. lat. 2343)', Collectanea Vaticana in honorem Anselmi M. Card. Albareda (Studi e Testi 219-220; Vatican City 1962) I, 423 n.1. P. Legendre, `Nouveaux manuscrits de droit savant', RHD 35 (1957) 412.

Distinctio (Notabilia) `Delicto coram iudice manifestato', based on the Decretum and treating the various forms of pleading. Written perhaps by the same author as the Perpendiculum.

MANUSCRIPTS: Grenoble, Bibl. Munic. 626, fol. 163rb-c; Munich, Clm 7622, fol. 50rb; Leipzig, Universitätsbibl. Rep. II 117, fol. 5ra; Vatican City, Bibl. Apost. Borgh. 287, fol. 6vc, 8va-b.

LITERATURE: S. Kuttner, Repertorium 234; idem, `Retractationes IX', Gratian and the Schools(London 1983) 40.

Distinctio `Est ius naturale', appears in a manuscript alongside Alanus's Decretum-Apparatus, Ius naturale (see Alanus Anglicus) and the reportatio of Laurentius's lectures on the Decretum (see Laurentius Hispanus). Rudolf Weigand has identified a set of Distinctiones in the hand of the author of the reportatio as well. They seem to have been influenced by the Summa Lipsiensis.

MANUSCRIPTS: Paris, B.N. lat. 15393, fol. 2vb.

LITERATURE: R. Weigand, Die Naturrechtslehre der Legisten und Dekretisten von Irnerius bis Accursius und von Gratian bis Johannes Teutonicus (Münchener Theologische Studien III. Kan. Abt. 26; Munich 1967) 203-04.

Distinctio Ius naturale, transmitted in two manuscripts where it follows the Summa Permissio quedam. Influenced by the Summa De iure canonico tractaturus.

EDITION: In part by R. Weigand (1963) 204-5.

LITERATURE: R. Weigand, Die Naturrechtslehre der Legisten und Dekretisten von Irnerius bis Accursius und von Gratian bis Johannes Teutonicus (Münchener Theologische Studien III. Kan. Abt. 26; Munich 1967) 204-6.

Distinctiones Bambergenses (see Summa `Permissio quedam')

Distinctiones Cantabrigienses (on Gratian's Decretum), represent the oldest type of Distinctiones, composed no later than in the 1160's.

MANUSCRIPTS: Cambridge, Univ. Libr. Addit. 3321.1, fol. 36-59.

LITERATURE: S. Kuttner, Repertorium 213-214.

Distinctiones Carnotenses (on Gratian's Decretum), of Bolognese origin and composed probably in the 1150's.

MANUSCRIPTS: Chartres, Bibl. de la Ville 169, fol. 76-80v.

LITERATURE: S. Kuttner, Repertorium 211-13.

Distinctiones `Consuetudo' (Summa Gallicana-Bambergensis), on Gratian's Decretum. These French `Distinctiones' are mostly excerpted from the Summa `Inperatorie maiestati' (ca. 1175-78).

MANUSCRIPTS: Arras, Bibl. Munic. 271, fol. 181vb-88r (excerpt); Bamberg, Staatsbibl. Can. 17, fol. 96-103v, 178-180v (fragment); London, Brit. Libr. Cott. Vit. A. III, fol. 219-227v (fragment).

LITERATURE: S. Kuttner, Repertorium 219; idem `An interim checklist of manuscripts', Traditio11 (1955) 446-47; idem, `Notes on manuscripts', Traditio 15 (1959) 499; F. Liotta, La continenza dei chierici (Milan 1971) 135-37. H. Singer, `Beiträge zur Würdigung der Decretistenlitteratur I', AKKR 69 (1893) 416, 420-36.

Distinctiones Halenses (see Summa `Permissio quedam')

Distinctiones `Hec sunt que suadent ne spoliatus', a set of distinctions not forming part of the Notabilia `Delicto coram iudice manifestato', but immediately following it in the Vatican manuscript.

MANUSCRIPTS: Vatican City, Vat. Borgh. 287, fol. 9-10.

LITERATURE: S. Kuttner, Repertorium 234; idem, `Retractationes IX', Gratian and the Schools of Law (London 1983) 40.

Distinctiones Lex naturalis, an Anglo-Norman compilation of ca. 1200.

MANUSCRIPT: London, Brit. Libr. Addit. 24659, fol. 2v-4v, 10r, 43v.

LITERATURE: S. Kuttner, `Dat Galienus opes et sanctio Justiniana', Linguistic and literary studies in honor of Helmuth H. Hatzfeld, ed. A. Crisafulli. (Washington, D.C. 1964) 242 n.22.

Distinctiones Monacenses (`Si mulier eadem hora...'), on Gratian's Decretum, this work belonged to the circle of Gerard Pucelle and the Anglo-French orbit. The author was probably a jurist from Westphalia, who compsed it in the early 1170's.

MANUSCRIPTS: Munich, Clm 16084, fol. 38v-62; Troyes, Bibl. Munic. 640, fol. 146-164v.

LITERATURE: A.J. De Groot, `Probleme bei der Ausgabe der sogennanten Distinctiones Monacenses', Proceedings Salamanca (MIC C-6; Vatican City 1980) 187-94. S. Kuttner, Repertorium 215-16; idem and E. Rathbone, `Anglo-Norman canonists of the twelfth century', Traditio 7 (1949/51) 296-303. F. Liotta, La continenza dei chierici (Milan 1971) 130-33. R. Weigand, Die bedingte Eheschliessung im kanonischen Recht I (Munich 1963) 150-51.

Distinctiones Oxonienses, on Gratian's Decretum. This work was heavily influenced by the Summaof Johannes Faventinus in what suggests a Bolognese origin shortly after 1171.

MANUSCRIPTS: Oxford, Corpus Christi Coll. 154, p. 214-258.

LITERATURE: S. Kuttner, Repertorium 216-18.

Distinctiones Palatinae on Gratian's Decretum

MANUSCRIPTS: Vatican City, Vat. Pal. lat. 678, fol. 99v-100.

LITERATURE: S. Kuttner, Repertorium 214-15.

Distinctiones Parisienses on Gratian's Decretum

MANUSCRIPTS: Paris, B.N. lat. 1566, fol. 80-87.

LITERATURE: S. Kuttner, Repertorium 218-19.

Distinctionum fragmenta Londinensia appear in a manuscript which also contains the Summa of Simon of Bisignano. The texts are certainly of Anglo-Norman origin, but show no particular connection with the Distinctiones Decretorum of Ricardus Anglicus.

MANUSCRIPTS: London, Brit. Libr. Addit. 24659, fol. 2v-4v, 43v.

LITERATURE: S. Kuttner, Repertorium 227. R. Weigand, Die Naturrechtslehre der Legisten und Dekretisten von Irnerius bis Accursius und von Gratian bis Johannes Teutonicus (Münchener Theologische Studien III. Kan. Abt. 26; Munich 1967) 208-12.

Ecce vicit leo, an early thirteenth-century French apparatus on the Decretum that has survived in two recensions (1202/10). The work draws from many of the older Bolognese decretists, particularly Huguccio, and often shares doctrinal features with the Summa Bambergensis, another French product of the same decade.

EDITION: None

MANUSCRIPTS: First Recension (1202): Saint Florian, Stiftsbibl. XI. 605 [breaks at de con. D.4 c.28; without Gratian's text]; Second Recension (1210): Hamburg, Staats- und Universitätsbibl. Cod. jur. 2231 [manuscript contains Gratian's Decretum C.1 through de consecratione with Ecce vicit leo]; Laon 371, fol. 1-82v [breaks at C.27 q.2 c.48; without Gratian's text]; Paris, B.N. nouv. acq. lat. 1576; Vendôme, Bibl. Munic. 242 [begins at D.50; without Gratian's text]. Fragmentary texts: Cambridge, Trinity Coll. O.5.17 [many pages and glosses missing]; Lincoln, Cathedral 137 [fragmentary]; Bamberg, Staatsbibl. Can. 41, fol. 126r-135r [without Gratian's text; contains only the commentary to Causa 1, the rest is Huguccio]; Vat. Borgh. lat. 270, [only Causa 23-26, the rest is Huguccio]; Liege, Univ. 127E (499) contains a conflation of the Summa `Animal est substantia' with Ecce uicit leo. A commentary on Compilatio prima in the manuscripts, Brussels 1407-09 may be related to Ecce uicit leo.

LITERATURE: S. Kuttner, Repertorium 59-66; idem, `Bernardus Compostellanus Antiquus', Traditio 1 (1943) 288 n.50. F. Liotta, La continenza dei chierici (Milan 1971) 243-51. R. Weigand, Die bedingte Eheschließung im kanonischen Recht (Munich 1963) 1.195-97; idem, Die Naturrechtslehre der Legisten und Dekretisten von Irnerius bis Accursius und von Gratian bis Johannes Teutonicus (Münchener Theologische Studien III. Kan. Abt. 26; Munich 1967) 242-46 and passim.

Egidius (decretist), nothing of this Anglo-Norman canonist is known other than that he wrote a work called the Lucubratiuncule on the Decretum of Gratian. This work was heavily influenced by Simon of Bisignano's Summa (1177-79).

TEXTS: Lucubratiuncule MANUSCRIPT: Rome, Bibl. Vittorio Emanuele MS 1369, fol. 75ra.

LITERATURE: S. Kuttner and E. Rathbone, `Anglo-Norman Canonists of the Twelfth Century', Traditio 7 (1949-51) 301, 343; S. Kuttner, `Retractationes VIII', Gratian and the Schools of law (1140-1234) (London 1983) 30. A. Rota, `Il decretista Egidius e la sua concezione del diritto naturale', SG 2 (1954) 211-49. R. Weigand, Die Naturrechtslehre der Legisten und Dekretisten von Irnerius bis Accursius und von Gratian bis Johannes Teutonicus (Münchener Theologische Studien III. Kan. Abt. 26; Munich 1967) 176-77, 289.

Egidius (Magister), nothing is known about this canonist other than that he wrote a Summa on procedure that remains to be studied.

TEXTS: Summa (on procedure) MANUSCRIPT: London, Brit. Libr. Harley MS 3763, fol. 44vb.

LITERATURE: J. Sayers, `An Evesham Manuscript containing the treatise known as "Actor et Reus",' BMCL 6 (1976) 79.

Egidius de Fuscarariis (Gilles de Foscararii), identified as a magister Decretorum at Bologna in 1252 and as a doctor Decretorum in 1269. Egidius was the first layman to teach canon law at Bologna. Egidius wrote a treatise on procedure, a Lectura on the Decretales Gregorii XI now lost, a treatise on notaries which is also lost, as well as Quaestiones and Consilia. Egidius died at Bologna in 1289.

TEXTS:1. Tractatus de ordine iudiciario EDITION: L. Wahrmund, ed. Der Ordo iudiciarius des Aegidius de Fuscarariis, Quellen zur Geschichte des römisch- kanonischen Prozesses im Mittelalter, III.I (Innsbruck 1916 [reprint ed. Aalen 1962]).

2. Lectura in decretales (Savigny believed two fragments may survive in Leipzig, Universitätsbibl. 163 et 170, but von Schulte doubted this.)

3. Tractatus de tabellionis

4. Consilia et Quaestiones EDITION: C. Reatz, Collectio scriptorum de processu canonicoI (Giessen 1860), prints ten quaestiones from MSS Bamberg and Darmstadt. MANUSCRIPTS: Bamberg, Staatsbibl. Can. 43; Darmstadt, Landesbibl. 853.

LITERATURE: J. Deshusses, `Gilles de Foscarari ou Aegidius de Fuscarariis' DDC 5 (1953) 967-68. Schulte, QL II 139-43.

`Ego dico tibi "Tu es Petrus",' a commentary on De penitentia

MANUSCRIPTS: Zwettl 162, fol. 50-65v, Poznan, Metrop. Chapter 28, fol. 190r-200v.

LITERATURE: S. Kuttner, `Bernardus Compostellanus Antiquus', Traditio 1 (1943) 323 n.18; idem, `Retractationes VII', Gratian and the Schools (London 1983) 20.

Eilbertus Bremensis, a canonist and author of a versified procedural treatise which he published while serving at the court of Bishop Wolfger of Passau, ca. 1192-95.

TEXT: Ordo iudiciarius EDITION: L. Wahrmund, Quellen zur Geschichte des römisch-kanonischen Processes im Mittelalter I.5 (Innsbruck 1906).

LITERATURE: W. Stelzer, `Eilbert von Bremen', ÖAKR 27 (1976) 60-69.

Evrardus Yprensis, a Cistercian monk from Clairvaux, wrote a Summa decretalium quaestionumwhich is just an epitome of Sicardus of Cremona's Summa (1179-81).

TEXTS: Summa decretalium quaestionum MANUSCRIPTS: Reims, Bibl. de la Ville 689.

LITERATURE: S. Kuttner, Repertorium 187-90. N.M. Haring, `A Latin Dialogue on the doctrine of Gilbert of Poitiers', Mediaeval Studies 15 (1953) 243-89; idem, `Everard of Ypres and his appraisal of the conflict between St. Bernard and Gilbert of Poitiers', Mediaeval Studies 17 (1955) 143-72.

Exceptiones decretalium trium compilationum, a very brief epitome or outline of the first three Compilatione antique.

MANUSCRIPTS: Admont, Stiftsbibl. 611; Arras, Bibl. Munic. 285; Berlin, Staatsbibl. lat. , fol. 231, fol. 122-99v; Capestrano (Aquila), Oratorium XXXVI; Douai, Bibl. Munic. 597; London, Brit. Libr. Royal 11.C.VII, fol. 4, 245; Lyons, Bibl. Univ. 338; Paris, B.N. lat. 3931, fol. 1-50; Paris, B.N. lat. 3934, fol. 27-54; Saumur, Bibl. Munic. 9, fol. 1-27v; Troyes, Bibl. Munic. 1835; Vat. Borgh. lat. 63.

LITERATURE: S. Kuttner, Repertorium 436-37.

Excerptum decretorum, an enormous collection of Quaestiones in a Pommersfelden MS bears this title.

EDITION: None

MANUSCRIPTS: Pommersfelden, Bibl. Graf Schönborn MS 41 (2918), fol. 1-69v.

LITERATURE: A. Stickler, `Decretista Germanica Adaucta', Traditio 12 (1956) 603.

Fidantia (Fidentius), a canon of Civita Castellana mentioned in a decretal of 21.12.1176 in Jaffe-Lowenfeld, no. 13854. Fidantia wrote some glosses on the Decretum which appear under the siglum `f.'

TEXTS: Glosses on Decretum MANUSCRIPTS: Bernkastel-Kues, Sankt-Nikolaus-Hospital, Cusanus-Stiftsbibl. 223; Hereford, Cathed. Libr. P.vii.3; Munich, Clm 10244; Reims, Bibl. Munic. 676; see also Glossa Palatina.

LITERATURE: W. Holtzmann, Kanonistische Ergänzungen zur Italia pontificia (Tübingen 1959) 28 n.21. S. Kuttner, `Bernardus Compostellanus Antiquus', Traditio 1 (1943) 281 nn. 16, 17; idem, `Retractationes VII', Gratian and the Schools of Law 1140-1234 (London 1983) 10-11. R. Weigand, `Die Glossen', SG 26.III 23.

Flores decretorum, a summary of the Decretum

MANUSCRIPTS: Washington D.C. L.C. Law Library, MS F 6.

LITERATURE: Brief description only in S. Kuttner, `Manuscripts and Incunabula Exhibited at the Inauguration of the Institute in May, 1956', Traditio 12 (1956) 614.

Fragmentum A (Asloense), the remnants of a decretal collection that was first believed to belong to the Wigorniensis group (W. Holtzmann, 1945), but the true origin of which remains to be ascertained. At any rate, the work postdates Compilatio I (W. Holtzmann, 1954).

EDITION: None.

MANUSCRIPTS: Oslo, Staatsarchiv (two? or four folios used as binding material in different codices).

LITERATURE: C. Duggan, Twelfth Century Decretal Collections and their Importance in English History (London 1963) 124 n.2. W. Holtzmann, `Über eine Ausgabe der papstlichen Dekretalen des 12.Jahrhunderts', Nachrichten der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Göttingen, Phil. - Hist. Klasse(1945) 24; idem and E. Kemp. Papal Decretals relating to the Diocese of Lincoln in the Twelfth Century, Lincoln Record Society 47 (1954) xiii; W. Holtzmann, `La collection "Seguntina" et les décrétales de Clément III et de Célestin III,' RHE 50 (1955) 401 n.2. Charles Lefebvre, `Fragment d'Oslo', DDC 6 (1957) 1180.

Fragmentum B (Parisiense I), preserves three decretals, two of them subdivided into several items and distributed under rubrics, the latest dated 1169.

EDITION: Summary analysis by Kuttner, Repertorium 286-87.

MANUSCRIPTS: Paris, B.N. lat. 15001, fol. 121vb-122.

LITERATURE: S. Kuttner, Repertorium, 286-87; idem, `The "Extravagantes" of the Decretum in Biberach', BMCL 3 (1973) 64.

Fragmentum C (Parisiense II), related to the collections of Gilbertus and Alanus.

EDITION:

MANUSCRIPTS: Paris, B.N. lat. nouv. acq. 2477 (two folios).

LITERATURE: P. Lauer, Bibliothèque de l'Ecole des Chartes 96 (1935) 214. W. Holtzmann, Kanonistische Ergänzungen zur Italia pontificia (Tübingen 1959) 13.

Fragmentum Cantabrigiense, a decretist work dependent on the teachings of Magister Rolandus, composed at Bologna ca. 1148-59.

MANUSCRIPTS: Cambridge, Univ. Libr. Addit. 3321, fol. 4r-35v (covers C.23 q.8 c.27 - C.35 pr. only).

LITERATURE: S. Kuttner, Repertorium 129; idem and E. Rathbone, "Anglo-Norman canonists of the twelfth century', Traditio 7 (1949/51) 292. F. Liotta, La continenza dei chierici (Milan 1971) 49-50. R. Weigand, Die bedingte Eheschliessung im kanonischen Recht I (Munich 1963) 116-26.

Fragmentum D (Parisiense III), 19 decretals of Alexander III. which (except one) were incorporated integrally into a collection of the primitve type..

EDITION: Analysis by S. Chodorow, BMCL 3 (1973) 51-55.

MANUSCRIPTS: Paris, B.N. lat. 587, fol. 133r-134v.

LITERATURE: S. Chodorow, `A Group of Decretals by Alexander III', BMCL 3 (1973) 51-55.

Fragmentum E (Trecense; formerly Collectio Trecensis), contains decretals appended to a copy of the Decretum, none of which dates later than into the early years of Alexander III's pontificate.

EDITION:

MANUSCRIPTS: Troyes, Bibl. de la Ville 103, fol. 2, 265v-266.

LITERATURE: S. Kuttner, Repertorium, 287-88. J. Rambaud-Buhot, SG I (1953) 136 n.23.

Fragmentum F (Zwettlense), contains 24 decretals, most of them much abbreviated.

EDITION:

MANUSCRIPTS: Zwettl, Klosterbibl. 34, fol. 82.

LITERATURE: S. Kuttner, `Notes on a projected corpus of 12th century decretal collections', Traditio 6 (1948) 350.

Fragmentum Florentinum (see Collectio Lipsiensis).

Fragmentum G (Veronense), 20 decretals and the canons of Lateran III in the form of the `Bambergensis Group'.

EDITION:

MANUSCRIPTS: Verona, Arch. di Stato Vari C 2, fol. 1r-2v.

LITERATURE: W. Holtzmann, Kanonistische Ergänzungen zur Italia pontificia (Tübingen 1959) 13.

Fragmentum H (Riccardianum), a disorderly epitome of a systematic collection, perhaps of Compilatio I.

EDITION:

MANUSCRIPTS: Florence, Bibl. Riccardi 338, fol. 215v-224v

LITERATURE: S. Kuttner, `Notes on a projected corpus of 12th century decretal collections', Traditio 6 (1948) 350.

Fragmentum I (Salmantinum), twelfth century decretals mainly from Alexander III, which also appear in Collectiones Sangermanensis and Tanneri.

EDITION: Summary analysis by A. García y García, Traditio 22 (1966) 466-67.

MANUSCRIPTS: Salamanca, Bibl. de Univ. Civil 2241, fly-leaf.

LITERATURE: A. García y García, `Canonística Hispanica', Traditio 22 (1966) 466-67.

Fragmentum K (Seguntinum), Collection of decretals from Alexander III in 27 chapters.

EDITION:

MANUSCRIPTS: Sigüenza, Bibl. del Cabildo 14 (or 41?), 2 fly-leaves.

LITERATURE: G. Fransen, `Varia ex manuscriptis', Traditio 21 (1965) 517-518.

Fragmentum L (Cantabrigiense), a series of decretals following Appendix concilii Lateranensis, largely from papal legislation of the 1160's and 1170's.

EDITION: Analyzed by C. Duggan, Traditio 18 (1962) 459-68.

MANUSCRIPTS: Cambridge, St. John's College 148 (F.11), fol. 77v-84v.

LITERATURE: C. Duggan, `English canonists and the "Appendix Concilii Lateranensis",' Traditio18 (1962) 459-68.

Fragmentum Londinense, a fragment of a primitive decretal collection comprising six items.

EDITION: None.

MANUSCRIPTS: London, Brit. Libr. 11.B.V, fol. 207-208v.

LITERATURE: S. Kuttner, Repertorium 305.

Fragmentum M (Cracoviense), a derivative from Collectio Lipsiensis.

EDITION: Analyzed by A. Vetulani - S. Kuttner, Traditio 16 (1960) 534-40.

MANUSCRIPTS: Cracow, Cathed. Chapter 106, fol. 1-2

LITERATURE: A. Vetulani - S. Kuttner, `Un fragment d'une collection systématique de décrétales antérieure à la "Compilatio Prima",' Traditio 16 (1960) 534-40.

Fragmentum Monacense, a series of extravagantes, most of which belong to the pontificate of Alexander III (1159-81). With the exception of one item, all of the material forms also part of the Collectio Cusana.

EDITION: Analysis by R. Weigand, BMCL 13 (1983) 20-24.

MANUSCRIPT: Munich, Clm 28175, fol. 318ra-320rd.

LITERATURE: R. Weigand, `Die Dekretanhänge in den Handschriften Hewiligenkreuz 44, Pommersfelden 142 und München 28175', BMCL 13 (1983) 19-25.

Fragmentum N (Arundelianum), eleven items, extracted from a collection of the Lucensis type.

EDITION: Analyzed by C. Cheney, BMCL 8 (1978) 6-7.

MANUSCRIPTS: London, College of Arms, Arundel 30, fol. 1r-v, 4v.

LITERATURE: C. Cheney, `The fragment of a decretal collection from Bury St. Edmunds', BMCL 8 (1978) 1-7.

Fragmentum O (Dertusense), contains 9 decretals, the latest dated 17 July 1193. Chodorow believes the fragment derives from the source from which the Collectio Dertusensis III also derived.

EDITION: Analyzed by S. Chodorow (1982) 29-31.

MANUSCRIPTS: Tortosa, Bibl. del Cabildo MS 269, fol. 11.

LITERATURE: S. Chodorow, `The Collectio Dertusensis Tertia and Tortosa MS 269', Revista española de derecho canonico 39 (1983) 29-31.

Fragmentum Parisiense (see Fragmentum B)

Fragmentum Wigorniense, a decretist commentary written in the wake of Paucapalea's teachings, at Bologna (ca. 1148-59).

MANUSCRIPT: Worcester, Cathed. Q.70, fol. 1-40v.

LITERATURE: S. Kuttner, Repertorium 130-31. F. Liotta, La continenza dei chierici (Milan 1971) 51-52.

Franciscus de Albano (Franciscus Vercellensis), professor at Avignon, attended the council of Lyon in 1274, as we know though his commentary on its constitutions. His Lectura on the Decretales was used extensively by Johannes Andreae in the composition of his Novelle, but seems to have survived only in minor portions.

TEXTS:1. Commentary on the Constitutions of Lyon II MANUSCRIPTS: St. Omer, Bibl. Munic. 446.

2. Lextura Decretalium MANUSCRIPTS: St. Omer, Bibl. Munic. 446 (covering X 3.2.7 only).

LITERATURE: M. Bertram, `Zur wissenschaftlichen Bearbeitung der Konstitutionen Gregors X.', QF 53 (1973) 459-67. L. Boyle, `The date of the commentary of William Duranti on the constitutions of the second council of Lyons', BMCL 4 (1974) 39-47. E. Fournier, Questions d'histoire du droit canonique (Paris 1936) 12-31; R. Naz, `Francois d'Albano', DDC 5 (1953) 899. Schulte, QL II 157.

G. Coventris episcopus, Magister (see Gérard Pucelle)

Galienus, the otherwise unknown author of a penitential Summa, composed around 1250. His principal sources were the Summae of Raymond of Penyafort and Guillaume Peyrault.

TEXT: Speculum iuniorum MANUSCRIPTS: Cambridge, Corp. Christi 392 and 477, St. John's Coll. 113, fol. 1r-132r; London, Lamb. Palace 485, fol. 121r-227v; Oxford, Bodl. 655 and 767, Laud. lat. misc. 166 and 397, Rawl. A.367, Wood Empt. 22; Ripley Castle, Harrogate; Worcester, Cath. F.38, fol. 216v-270r.

LITERATURE: L. Boyle, `Three english pastoral summae and a "Magister Galineus",' SG 11 (1967) 133-44.

Gandulphus, a canonist and theologian of the mid-twelfth century. Between 1160 and 1170 Gandulphus wrote the Sententiarum libri quatuor, which was an abbreviation of Peter Lombard's Sentences as well as glosses to Gratian's Decretum. Gandulphus is reputed to have been a teacher of Huguccio.

TEXTS:1. Glosses on Decretum EDITION: R. Weigand, BMCL 7 (1977) 15-48, has published a number of glosses and listed the manuscripts.

2. Sententiarum libri quatuor EDITION: J.von Walter, Magistri Gandulphi Bononiensis Sententiarum libri quatuor (Vienna - Breslau 1924).

LITERATURE: F. Gillmann, `Die Lehre des Gandulphus über das Ehehindernis der geistlichen Verwandtschaft', AKKR 105 (1925) 242, 480-88. A. Landgraf, `Drei Trabanten des Magister Gandulphus von Bologna', Collecteanea Franciscana 7 (1937) 357-79. C. Lefebvre, `Gandulphe', DDC 5 (1953) 933-35. F. Liotta, La continenza dei chierici (Milan 1971) 88-93. Schulte, QL I 132. R. Weigand, Die bedingte Eheschliessung im kanonischen Recht I (Munich 1963) 143-49; idem, Die Naturrechtslehre der Legisten und Dekretisten von Irnerius bis Accursius und von Gratian bis Johannes Teutonicus (Münchener Theologische Studien III. Kan. Abt. 26; Munich 1967) 324, 343-44; idem, `Gandulphusglossen zum Dekret Gratians', BMCL 7 (1977) 15-48. H. Van de Wouw, Gandulphus von Bologna', LMA 4 (1989) 1105.

Garinus, a decretist who may have taught at Bologna around 1180, is cited once as the author of a `glosarium' by the anonymous decretist commentary preserved in MS Aschaffenburg Perg. 26, fol. 223rb (cf. Summa Casinensis). The same passage also refers to an unknown `ma. Radl.', who is said to have written a similar work.

LITERATURE: H. van de Wouw, `Notes on the Aschaffenburg manuscript Perg.26', BMCL 3 (1973) 100.

Garsias Hispanus (see Johannes Garsias Hispanus).  Peter Linehan has argued that Garsias Hispanus is the canonist's correct name.

Geraldus of Wales (Giraldus Cambrensis), mentions in his autobiography (De rebus a se gestis 2.1) that in 1177 he had taught the Decretum and discussed Causas decretales at Paris. No traces of these activities seem to have survived.

LITERATURE: R. Bartlett, Gerald of Wales, 1146-1223 (Oxford 1982); J. S. Brewer (ed.), Giraldi Cambrensis opera. Rolls Series 21 (London 1861) 1.45-48. S. Kuttner, `Les débuts de l'école canoniste francaise', SDHI 4 (1938) 201-3; idem and E. Rathbone, `Anglo-Norman canonists of the twelfth century', Traditio 7 (1949/51); S. Kuttner, `Retractationes VIII', Gratian and the Schools(London 1983) 34-35; M. Richter, Giraldus Cambrensis', LMA 4 (1989) 420-21.

Gérard Pucelle (Girardus, Gherardus, G. Coventris Episcopis), born c.1115-20 probably in England. Gérard studied and taught theology and possibly law in France. John of Salisbury said Gérard taught `leges et decreta'. His students included Lucas of Hungary, Walter Map, Ralph Niger, master Richard, and a certain Gervase who retired to Durham. Gérard was connected to the familia of Thomas Becket. He undertook a mission to the Empire in 1165/66 even though Frederick Barbarossa had been excommunicated. In 1168 Gérard returned to England and took the loyalty-oath to King Henry II which had been rejected by Becket. Thereafter, Gérard got the permission of the Pope and King Louis VII of France to reside in Cologne. Cologne was one of the most important centers of canon law learning in the 1160's and 1170's, producing works such as the Summa `Elegantius in iure diuino'. From c.1174-1183, Gérard served as a principal clerk to Becket's successor, Archbishop Richard. In 1183, he was made Bishop of Coventry, but died only a few months thereafter.

TEXTS: Glosses on the Decretum MANUSCRIPTS: Durham, Cathed. MS C.III.1 marked with the siglum `Ger.'; in the Summa Lipsiensis marked with the siglum `Magister G. Coventris Episcopus', and occasionally in the Summa Parisiensis, the Summa antiquitate et tempore, Ecce uicit leo, and the Summa `Quid sit symonia'.

LITERATURE: J. Fried, `Gerard Pucelle und Köln', ZRG Kan. Abt. 68 (1982) 125-35. S. Kuttner, Repertorium 26; idem and E. Rathbone, `Anglo-Norman Canonists of the Twelfth century', Traditio7 (1949-51) 296-303. C. Lefebvre, `Pucelle, Gerard', DDC 7 (1965) 402-04.

Gerardus Bottonus, a professor of canon law and archpriest of Bologna in 1256.

LITERATURE: Schulte, QL II 174.

Gerardus de Valeto, a Dominican (fl.1267), taught canon law at Bologna.

LITERATURE: Schulte, QL II 174.

Gilbertus (Anglicus), an English canonist who studied and taught at Bologna, at the end of the 12th and beginning of the thirteenth century. He compiled a collection of decretals and wrote glosses to it.

TEXTS:1. Collectio Gilberti, a collection of decretals from the reign of Innocent III as well as pre-Innocentian decretals made obsolete by Compilatio tertia and Compilatio secunda, MANUSCRIPTS: Fulda, Landesbibl. D.14, fol. 2-31 = W1; Fulda, Landesbibl. D.5, fol. 84-132v = W2; Bamberg. Staatsbibl. Can. 18, fol. 44-59v = B1; Can. 20, fol. 55-63 = B2; Brussels, Bibl. Royal 1407-9, fol. 93-148v = Brux.; Durham, Cathed. C.III.3, fol. 75-121 = D; London, Brit. Libr. Harley 3834, fol. 140-201 = H; London, Lambeth Palace 105, fol. 220v-267v = L; Monte Cassino, Bibl. dell'abbazia 46, p. 439-538 = M; Salzburg, Stiftsbibl. St Peter a.IX.18, fol. 118-168 = S; Vercelli, Bibl. Capit. LXXXIX, fol. 1-50r = V; Paris, B.N. lat. 3922A, fol. 228r-334v = R; Sion, Archives du chapitre 118, fol. 102r-156v = Sn; Tortosa, Bibl. del Cabildo 160, fol. 49r-54v = T; Uppsala, Universitätsbibl. C.551, fol. 1-54v = U.

2. Glosse in collectionem Gilberti MANUSCRIPTS: W1, B1, B2, D, and partially in Brux. Note: many of these glosses were copied over onto a Chartres manuscript of Compilatio secunda: Chartres 296, fol. 194-203 (See Kuttner, Repertorium, 349)

LITERATURE: R. von Heckel, `Die Dekretalensammlung des Gilbertus und Alanus nach den Weingartener Handschriften', ZRG Kan. Abt. 29 (1940) 116-357. S. Kuttner, Repertorium 310-13; idem, `Notes on a projected corpus of 12th century decretal collections', Traditio 6 (1948) 350; idem, `Bernardus Compostellanus Antiquus', Traditio 1 (1943) 318-19, 327-33; idem, `Notes on manuscripts', Traditio 17 (1961) 534-35; C. Lefebvre, `Gilbert', DDC 5 (1953) 966-67. Schulte, QL I 84, 188. H. Zapp, `Gilbertus', LMA 4 (1988) 1450.

Gilles de Fuscarariis (see Egidius de Fuscarariis)

Giovanni (see Johannes)

Giovanni Regina di Napoli (?)

TEXTS: Quaestio

LITERATURE: T. Turley, `An unnoticed quaestio of Giovanni Regina di Napoli', Archivum Fratrum Praedicatorum 54 (1984) 281-91.

Glossa Cusana, a gloss composition to parts of Gratian's Decretum which occurs in a manuscript in Bernkastel-Kues. The manuscript contains also portions of the Summa `Animal est substantia', suggesting that this work is somehow related.

EDITION: None.

MANUSCRIPTS: Bernkastel-Kues, Sankt-Nikolaus-Hospital, Cusanus-Stiftsbibl. 223 (second layer).

LITERATURE: A. Stickler, `Decretista Germanica Adaucta', Traditio 12 (1956) 599; idem, `Ergänzungen zur Traditionsgeschichte der Dekretistik: I. Zum Apparat "Animal est substantia",' BMCL 1 (1971) 73-75.

Glossa Duacensis, a French decretist apparatus composed before 1210 which betrays certain doctrinal connections with the Summa Bambergensis.

MANUSCRIPT: Douai, Bibl. Munic. 649 (first layer).

LITERATURE: F. Liotta, La continenza dei chierici (Milan 1971) 264-69. A. Stickler, `Die "Glossa Duacensis" zum Dekret Gratians', Speculum iuris et ecclesiarum. Festschrift für W. M. Plöchl zum 60. Geburtstag (Vienna 1967) 385-92.

Glossa Palatina (see Laurentius Hispanus)

Glossae Valentianenses, on Compilatio I, were composed by a French canonist at the beginning of the 13th century.

MANUSCRIPT: Valenciennes, Bibl. Munic. 274.

LITERATURE: S. Kuttner, `Pope Lucius III and the bigamous archbishop of Palermo', Medieval studies presented to A. Gwynn, S.J., ed. J. Watt et al. (Dublin 1961) 447 and passim.

Goffredus de Trano (Tranensis), a student of the renowned civilian Azo, Goffredus was professor of Roman law at Naples, until he was appointed auditor of the Roman Rota in 1240. In 1244, Innocent IV, his former fellow student at Bologna, elevated him to the cardinalate. Goffredus died in 1245. Goffredus wrote the first full apparatus on the Decretales Gregorii IX, before 1243. Then, before his death, Goffredus completely rewrote the work as the well known Summa super titulis decretalium. Goffredus also wrote glosses on Novellae of Innocent IV.

TEXTS:1. Apparatus glossarum in Decretales Gregorii IX MANUSCRIPTS: Florence, Bibl. Naz. Princ. ii.i.417 (in the form of a marginal gloss); Madrid, B.N. lat. 8982 (identification uncertain); Milan, Bibl. Ambros. Z.50, fol. 9r-407 (in the form of a marginal gloss); Montecassino, Abbazia 266; Paris, B.N. lat. 15402; Seo de Urgel, Bibl. del Cab.2037 (with rich glosses); Venice, Bibl. Marc. lat. VIII.28; Vienna, ÖNB lat. 2197.

2. Summa super titulis decretalium MANUSCRIPTS: Arras 253; Avignon 122 (incomplete); Bamberg Staastbibl. Can. 00 [P.II.22]; Can. 48, Can. 00 [P.II.24]; Berlin, SB, fol. 82; Breslau, UB II.F.67 m.; Chartres 284; 367; 368 (2nd work); Darmstadt 341; 680; Douai 560; Erlangen 339; Florence, Bibl. Laur. LXXVII 15; Florence, S. Croce III sin.7; Grenoble, Bibl. Munic. 280 (489); 402 (490); Halle, Ye., fol. 33; Hildesheim, Dombibl. 17; Innsbruck 253; Cologne, Dom. 135; Cologne, Gymnas. 78; Laon 363; Leipzig UB 1000; 1001; 1018; Melk, Stiftsbibl. D.39; Munich, Clm 741; 5300; 5301; 8008; 9549; Olomouc III.20; VI.302; Paris, B.N. lat. 12453; 15411; 15412; 17529; 18224; Prague, UB VII.T.22; Saint-Omer 495; 553; Schottenstift, I.C.6.11; Toulouse B.224; Tours 560; Troyes 456; 809; 1356; 1448; 1746; Vienna, Hofbibl. 2076; 2137; 2208; Wolfenbüttel 1; 14 Aug.f.

3. Glosses on eight constitutions of Innocent IV MANUSCRIPT: Fulda, Landesbibl. D.10; Siena, Private Lib. of Domenico Maffei; Vienna, ÖNB lat. 2140.

LITERATURE: M. Bertram, `Der Dekretalenapparat des Goffredus Tranensis', BMCL 1 (1971) 79-83. P. Herde, Beiträge zum päpstlichen Kanzlei- und Urkundenwesen im 13.Jahrhundert (2nd ed. Kallmünz 1967) 21 n.172. P. Kessler, `Untersuchungen über die Novellen-Gesetzgebung Papst Innocenz' IV', ZRG Kan. Abt. 31 (1942) 214-35; idem, `Wiener Novellen', SG 11 (1967) 98-99; S. Kuttner, `Die Konstitutionen des ersten allgemeinen Konzils von Lyon', SDHI 6 (1940) 124-31; idem, `Canonisti nel Mezzogiorno: Alcuni profili e riflessioni', Scuole, diritoo e società nel Mezzogiorno medievale d'Italia 2, ed. M. Bellomo (Catania 1987) 19-22. Schulte, QL II 88-91. P. Stein, `The source of the Romano-canonical part of Regiam maiestatem', Scottish Historical Review48 (1969) 107-23. H. Zapp, `Goffredus de Trano', LMA 4 (1988) 1533-34.

Gratia Aretinus (see Petrus Aretinus), a 13th century canonist from Arezzo who wrote an Ordo iudiciarius after 1234. In a Madrid MS (B.N. 12691, fol. 53ra-60ra), the same work appears under the title of Summa de causis, ascribed to a `magister Petrus Aretinus'.

TEXTS: Ordo iudiciarius EDITION: F. Bergmann, Pilii, Tancredi, Gratiae, Libri de iudiciorum ordine (Göttingen 1842 = Aalen 1965) 317-84.

LITERATURE: J. Deshusses, `Gratia Aretinus', DDC 5 (1953) 994. Schulte, QL I 197-98. A. García y García, `Canonística Hispanica (IV)', BMCL 1 (1973) 72-73; S. Kuttner, Repertorium 95, 349.

Gratian, a monk and canonist working in Bologna (c.1135-45). Little is known of his life. His chief work, the Decretum (Concordia discordantium canonum), was completed c. 1140 and was the culmination of attempts to shape the materials of canon law into a system and provide a basis for its study and application. It became the first standard textbook of the subject in the schools.

TEXTS: Decretum, formally titled Concordantia discordantium canonum, this was the founding work of the classical period of canon law study. The work was composed by Gratian around 1140 out of approximately 3,800 texts from from patristic writers, conciliar canons and papal letters, as well as other sources which were included in the canonical collections on which he relied. The Decretum adopted the Scholastic `Sic et non' method pioneered by Peter Abelard, arranging texts on different sides of particular questions and then attempting to resolve the difference in passages written by the author, the dicta. The received work is in three parts. I: 101 Distinctiones; II: 36 Causae subdivided into Quaestiones; and III. de consecratione a work on sacramental matters divided into five Distinctiones. The structure of part II is interrupted in C.33 q.2 by the inclusion of the de penitentia, which is divided into six Distinctiones; this was an interpolation which quickly became accepted into the Decretum text (see Wojtyla).

Gratian relied upon a number of earlier canonical collections as sources for his texts, as Peter Landau has indicated, including certainly the collection of Anselm of Lucca, two collections of Ivo of Chartres (the Tripartita, and the Panormia), the collection of Polycarp, the Collection in three books, and the Liber de misericordia et iustitia of Algers of Lüttich. He may also have used or at least known Ivo's Decretum, the Decretum of Burchard of Worms, Isidore's Etymologiarum, and the Collection in seventy-four titles.

Gratian's methodological antecedents were most importantly the Prologue of Ivo of Chartres and the book by Algers of Lüttich, both of which treat the harmonization of canonical texts.

As has been said, the Decretum which became the accepted text in the Bolognese law-school was not the work which left Gratian's hands. The de penitentia as well as the de consecratione were likely added to Gratian's original work shortly after its publication. The brief chapter summaries were also quickly added. Furthermore, a number of passages from Roman law were interpolated into the Decretum in the mid-twelfth century along with more than 150 other texts from canonical sources, but these are identified in the manuscripts as `paleae', a term which was once thought to have derived from the decretist Paucapalea, the putative interpolator. The contemporary view seems to be, however, that the word palea means `chaff': texts which were winnowed by Gratian but were then added back to his good grain by canonists of the mid-twelfth century.

This modification of Gratian's text could be even more radical. Abbreviations of the Decretum were written during the twelfth and thirteenth century (see Abbreuiatio Decreti); and there were several attempts to reorganize and rework the Decretum, the most important being that of Laborans (See Transformatio Decreti and Laborans).

EDITION: Emil Friedberg, ed. Corpus iuris canonici, vol. 1. (Leipzig 1879 [repr. ed. Graz 1959]).

MANUSCRIPTS: These lists of manuscripts are based on the work of Titus Lenherr (I.), Rudolf Weigand (II.), and Anthony Melnikas and Hubert Mordek (III.)

I. Decretum Manuscripts known to be of the twelfth century:

Biberach/Riss., Spitalarchiv B 3515

Bremen, Universitätsbibl. a.142

Brindisi, Bibl. Annibale de Leo A.1

Heiligenkreuz, Stiftsbibl. 44

Innsbruck, Universitätsbibl. 90

Cologne, Bibl. des Metropolitankapitels 127 and 128

Munich, Clm 4505, 13004, 17161 and 28161

Paris, B.N. lat. 3884, 3887, 3888, 3890 and 11712

Salzburg, St. Peter's Archabbey a.XI.9 and a.XII.9

Vatican City, Ross. lat. 595

II. Decretum Manuscripts containing early glosses:

Admont, Stiftsbibl. 48

Arras, Bibl. municip. 500 (592)

Autun, Bibl. Munic. 80a

Bamberg, Staatsbibl. Can. 13, Can. 14, Can. 15

Biberbach, Spitalarchiv B 3515

Berlin, Staatsbibl. Phil. 1742

Bernkastel-Kues, Cusanus-Stiftsbibl. 223

Cambridge, Sidney Sussex College 101

Cambridge, Corpus Christi Coll. 10

Cambridge, Fitzwilliam Museum McClean 135

Cambridge, Gonville and Caius Coll. 6

Cambridge, Pembroke Coll. 162

Cambridge, Univ. Libr. Add. 3447

Darmstadt, Landesbibl. 907

Durham, Cath. C.IV.1

Douai, Bibl. municip. 586, 590, 591

Durham, Cath. C.I.7, C.II.1, C.III.1, C.IV.1

Erlangen, Universitätsbibl. 342

Gniezno, Bibl. des Metropolitankap. 28

Graz, Universitätsbibl. III 52, III.69, III 71, III.80

Hereford, Cathedral Libr. P VII 3

Heiligenkreuz, Stiftsbibl. 43, 44

Innsbruck, Universitätsbibl. 90

Jena, Universitätsbibl. El. fol. 56

Leipzig, Universitätsbibl. Haenel 18

Lillienfeld, Stiftsbibl. 222

London, Lambeth Palace 449

London, Brit. Libr. Arundel 490

London, Brit. Libr. Add. 24658

London, Brit. Libr. Harley 3256

London, Brit. Libr. Stowe 378

Luxemburg, Bibl. 139

Monte Cassino, Bibl. dell'abbazia 64, 66

Munich, Clm 17161

Madrid, Bibl. Nacional 251

Marburg, Universitätsbibl. 33 (13)

Munich, Clm 4505, 10244, 14024, 27337, 28174, 28175

Napoli, Bibl. Nazionale XII.A.5

New York, Pierpont Morgan Library 446

Olomouc (Olmütz) Statni Archiv C.O. 266

Oxford, Bodleian Library, Douce 218

Oxford, Bodleian Library Lyell 41

Paris, B.N. lat. 3888

Paris, B.N. lat. 3905 B.

Paris, B.N. lat. 14316

Paris, Bibl. Sainte-Genevieve 342

Perugia, Archivio di S. Pietro C.M.4

Pommersfelden, Bibl. des Grafen Schönborn 142

Prague, Bibl. des Metropolitankapitels I 19

Rouen, Bibl. Municip. 707

Saint Florian, Stiftsbibl. III 5

Salzburg, Erzabtei St. Pet. a.XII.9

Stuttgart, Landesbibl. HB VI 63

Toledo, Bibl. del Cabildo 4.5 (ab C.15)

Trier, Stadtbibl. 906 (1141), 907 (2182a)

Trier, Bibl. des Priesterseminars 8

Vatican City, Vat. lat. 2494; 2495; 3529

Vat. Borgh. lat. 287

Vat. Ross. lat. 595

Verona, Bibl. capitolare 184

Vicenza, Bibl. Bertoliana G.15.2.2

Washington, Cath. Univ. 186

Wolfenbüttel, Landesbibl. Helmst 33

III. Comprehensive list of Decretum Manuscripts:

Abbeville, Bibl. Communale 33

Admont, Stiftsbibl. 9, 35, and 48

Allessandria, Bibl. Civica 4

Amiens, Bibl. Munic. 353, 354, and 355

Angers, Bibl. Munic. 371 and 372

Antwerp, Bibl. Musée Plantin-Moretus M.13 (9) and M.74 (30)

Arras, Bibl. Munic. 16 (7), 32 (27), 46 (843), 444 (791), 470 (577), 472 (809), 493 (585), 500 (592), 507 (599) and 921 (263)

Autun, Bibl. Munic. 80 (actually 99), 80a (actually 100)

Avignon, Bibl. de la Ville 659

Avranches, Bibl. de la Ville 148

Baltimore, Walters Art Gallery W.133, W.135 and W.777 (formerly London, A.C. Beatty Coll. MS 46)

Bamberg, Staatsbibl. Can. 13, Can. 14, Can. 15 and Can. 16

Barcelona, Archivio de la Corona de Aragón. S. Cugat 8 and R.78

Barcelona, Bibl. de la Univer. 1164

Barcelona, S. Domingo (or S. Catalina), Bibl. y Sacrista 35

Beaune, Bibl. Munic. 5

Berlin (East), Staatsbibl. Phill. 1742

Berlin (West), Staatsbibl. Preussicher Kulturbesitz lat. , fol. 1, lat. , fol. 2, lat. , fol. 3, lat. , fol. 4, lat. , fol. 6, and lat. , fol. 228

Bernkastel-Cues, S. Nicholas Hospital 223 and 224

Biberbach/Riss., Spitalarchiv B 3515

Bloomington Ind., Indiana Univ. Lilly Libr. Ricketts 205

Bologna, Bibl. del Collegio di Spagna Cod. magn. 281

Bonne-Espérance (Belgium), Bibl. du Petit Séminaire, Decretum Gratiani

Boulogne-Sur-Mer, Bibl. 117 and 118

Bratislava, Slovakian State Central Archives 14 (Jur. 46)

Braunschweig, Stadtbibl. IX

Bremen, Universitätsbibl. a.142 and a.150

Brindisi, Bibl. Annibale de Leo A.1

Bruges, Bibl. publique de la Ville 350

Brussels, Bibl. Royale 5668-69 (2563), 7451 (2564)

Burgos, Bibl. del Cabildo 4

Cambrai, Bibl. Munic. 602, 605, 606, 623, 629, 645, 646 and 967

Cambridge, Gonville and Caius Coll. 6 [James 6], 676 and 681 (288)

Cambridge, Corpus Christi Coll. 10

Cambridge, Fitzwilliam Museum 183, 262 and McClean 135

Cambridge, Pembroke Coll. 162 and 163

Cambridge, Sidney Sussex Coll. 101

Cambridge, Trinity Coll. O.5.17 (James 1298) and O.10.2 (James 1454) [incomplete]

Cambridge, University Libr. Dd. VII.20 and add. 3447

Cambridge, Mass., Harvard Law School Libr. 64

Cesena, Bibl. Maletestiana II.sin. 1

Cesena, Bibl. Maletestiana (Bibl. Piana) 3.207

Ceské Budjovice, Krajská Knihovna 137 (formerly in the library of the Cistercian monastery, Vyi Brod)

Chambéry, Bibl. de la Ville 13

Charleville, Bibl. Munic. 150 and 269

Chartres, Bibl. Munic. 269

Cheltenham, Thirlestaine House (Phillips Coll.) Former No. 2087

Cividale del Friuli, Museo Archeologico Nazionale 96

Cologne, Bibl. des Metropolitankapitels 127, 128 and 129

Cologny (Geneva), Bibl. Martin Bodmer Decretum Gratiani

Copenhagen, Königliche Bibl. Gl. Kgl. S. 193, fol. , S. 194, fol. and Thott 160, fol.

Cordoba, Cabildo de la Catedral 26, 27 and 28 (99)

Cortona, Bibl. Communale e dell'Accademia Etrusca 74

Darmstadt, Landesbibl. 732, 907 and 923 (incomplete)

Dijon, Bibl. Munic. 341

Douai, Bibl. Munic. 585, 586, 587, 588, 589, 590, 591 and 592

Dubrovnik (Ragusa), Libr. of the Dominican Cloister 22

Durham, Cathed. C.I.7, C.I.8, C.II.1, C.III.1, and C.IV.1

Edinburgh, National Libr. of Scotland 3-1-12 and 10-1-12

Einsiedeln, Stiftsbibl. 193

Erlangen, Universitätsbibl. 342 and 343

El Escorial, Bibl. Real de San Lorenzo a.IV.26, c.I.2, c.I.3, c.I.4, c.I.5, c.I.7, c.I.8, d.I.8, d.I.10, ç.II.6

Evreux, Bibl. Munic. 106

Ferrara, Museo di Schifanoia Aula Magna, Salone-Parete Est. vetr. 2a. Inc. 4

Florence, Bibl. Laurenz. Acquisti 93 (incomplete)

S.Croce I^sin. 1, I^sin.10, IV^sin.1, Ed. 96 and 97, Gadd. reliq. 2 (formerly Firenze, Bibl. Naz. Centr., Magliabecch. XXXI.46), Fiesol. 120

Florence, Bibl. Marucelliana A.298

Florence, Bibl. Naz. Centrale Conv. soppr. A.II.376, A.II.403 and Magliabecch. XXXI.22

Frankfurt am Main, Stadtbibl. Barth. 7

Fulda, Landesbibl. D.24

Gdansk, Munic. Libr. 1861 and F. 77

Geneva, Bibl. publique et universitaire 60

Gent, Bibl. commun. et Univ. 20 (286), 55 (287) 648 (671)

Gent, Bibl. der Rijksuniversiteit 3 (671)

Gerona, Bibl. del Seminario 157 VI-IV-I

Gniezno, Bibl. Capit. 27, 28, 38 (incomplete) and 76

Graz, Universitätsbibl. III.52, III.69, III.71 and III.80

Grenoble, Bibl. de la Ville 11 (474), 34 (475) and 62 (482)

Hamburg, Staats- und Universitätsbibl. Cod. jur. 2231

Hannover, Niedersächs. Landesbibl. 282

Heiligenkreuz, Stiftsbibl. 43 and 44

Hereford, Cathed. P.VII.3 and P.IX.2

Innsbruck, Universitätsbibl. 10 and 90

Ivrea, Arch. Capit. 72

Jena, Universitätsbibl. El., fol. 51c and El., fol. 56

Kassel, Landesbibl. und Murhardasche Bibl. 2^o Ms. iurid. 65 I (formerly 2^o Ms. iurid.14)

Klagenfurt, Bischöfliche Bibl. XXIX. a. 4

Klosterneuberg, Stiftsbibl. 87 and 101

Königsberg (Kaliningrad), Universitätsbibl. 176 (IX)

Kraków, Archivum Kap. Metropol. 88

Kraków, Bibl. Jagiellonska 356 and 357

Kremsmünster, Stiftsbibl. 364 and 369

Laon, Bibl. Communale 372 and 476

Leipzig, Stadtbibl. 242 and 243

Leipzig, Universitätsbibl. 956, 957, 958, Haenel. 17 and Haenel 18

Leningrad, State Public Libr. lat. F. II vel. 23

Liége, Bibl. de l'Université 127E

Lillienfeld, Stiftsbibl. 222 and 223

Lincoln, Cathedral 137 and 138

London, Brit. Libr. Harleian 3256

London, Brit. Libr. Arundel 490

London, Brit. Libr. Add. 15274-15275, 24642 and 24658

London, Brit. Libr. Stowe 378

London, Brit. Libr. Royal 9.C.III, 9.F.VI, 10.D.VIII, 11.D.II and 11.D.IX

London, A. Chester Beatty Collection 66

London, Lambeth Palace 449

London (Environs of), Hatfield House 322-323

Lons-le-Saunier, Archives départmentales du Jura 14 and 15

Lublin, Cath. Univ. Libr. 1

Lucca, Archivio Arcivescovile 20 (6)

Lucca, Bibl. Capit. 126

Luxemburg, Bibl. 139

Madrid, Bibl. de la Facultad de Ciencias Ploíticas y Económicas, Vol. 1137 Obra 449 Estante 16 Tabula 1 Clasifcación 348.17

Madrid, Bibl. de la Fundación Lázaro Galdiano, 13/11 (451

inv. 15462) (incomplete) and 440 (Inv. 15547) (incomplete)

Madrid, Bibl. Nac. 87 (C.1), 251 (C.2), 12790 (Ee.3), 19148, 19149, Res. 198 Vitr. 21,2

Madrid, Bibl. de la Real Academia de la Historia 6, 7 and 67

Mainz, Stadtbibl. II.73 and II.204

Malibu, Calif., J. P. Getty Museum (formerly Dr. P. Ludwig, Aachen; formerly Dyson Perrins Collection MS 2)

Marburg, Universitätsbibl. 33 (formerly C.1)

Melk, Stiftsbibl. 1 (707), 259 (698), 261 (695)

Metj, Bibl. Munic. 103

Metz, Bibl. Munic. 20 and 21

Milan, Archivio de S. Ambrogio, o. Nr.

Milan, Bibl. Ambrosiana E.44 inf.

Montecassino 64, 65, 66 and 68

Montpellier, Bibl. de la Ville 34

Monza, Bibl. Capit. h-7/157 (T.VIII; Inv. CCXVIII) and k-8/158 (T.IX; Inv. CCIX)

Moulins, Bibl. Munic. 3

Munich, Clm 3893, 4505, 10244, 12690, 13003, 13004,14005, 14024 17161, 18050a, 18096, 23551, 23552, 23553, 23555, 27337, 28159, 28161, 28174 and 28175

Munich, Universitätsbibl. 2^o 289

Münster, Universitätsbibl. 601 (263)

Naples, Bibl. Nazion. VI.Aa.17, XII.A.1, XII.A.5, XII.A.9 and XII.A.16

Naples, Bibl Naz. Vindobonensis 31

Nîmes, Bibl. Munic. 67

Nürnberg, Stadtbibl. Cent. I.15, Cent. I.17 (part II only), Cent II.41 and Cent. IV. 94

Olomouc, Kap. Khihovna C.O.266

Olomouc, Statni archiv. C.O.39

Oxford, Bodleian Libr. Bodl. 290 (2441), Douce 218 (incomplete), Hatton 5 (4128) and Lyell 41

Oxford, Magdalen Coll. 216

Oxford, New College 208 and 210

Oxford, Oriel Coll. 14

Oxford, Trinity Coll. 70

Oxford, Univ. Coll. 86

Padua, Bibl. Antoniana II.55 and III.56

Padua, Bibl. Capit. A.23 and B.58

Padua, Bibl. Universitaria 1074

Paris, Bibl. de l'Arsenal, 677, 683 and 1183

Paris, Bibl. Mazarine 1287, 1288, 1289, 1290 and 1291

Paris, Bib. Nat. lat. 3884 (Tome I-II), 3885, 3886A, 3887, 3888, 3889, 3890, 3893, 3894, 3895, 3896, 3897, 3898, 3903, 3904, 3905, 3905A, 3905B, 3906, 3907, 3908, 6988, 11712, 11713, 14316, 14317, 14318, 14605

15393, 15394, 15395, 16898, 16899, nouv. acq. lat. 1576 and nouv. acq. lat. 2254

Paris, Bibl. de Ste. Geneviève 168, 341 and 342

Paris, Bibl. de l'Univ. 30

Perugia, Bibl. di San Pietro CM 4

Pommersfeld, Bibl. des Grafen Schörnborn 2744 (142), and 2927 (327)

Prague, Archives of the Prague Castle, (Capit. Libr.) Ms. J.1 and Ms J.19, (Nat. Gallery) Ms. XII.A.12

Prague, The National Gallery XVII.A.12

Prague, University Libr. VIII.F.5, XXIII.B.4 (Ms.18 from Cistercian Convent Libr.)

Teplá, Ms. L.1 (from the former Franciscan Libr.)

Princeton, Univ. Libr. Garrett 97

Reims, Bibl. Munic. 676, 677, 678, 679, 680 and 681

Reun (Rain, Rein), Stiftsbibl. 86

Rome, Bibl. Angelica 1270 (T.1.5)

Rome, Bibl. Casanatense 222 (A.I.1) and 465 (A.I.2)

Rome, Bibl. Naz. Ms. 42 of S. Onofrio

Rouen 707 (E.21), 708 (E.1a), 709 (E.25), 723 (E.42)

Saint-Claude, Bibl. Munic. 9

Saint Florian, Stiftsbibl. III.2 and III.5

Saint Mihiel, Bibl. Munic. 5 and 6

Saint-Omer 190, 191, 192, 433, 452, 453, 454 and 476

Saint Paul im Lavanttal, Stiftsbibl. 25.1.1 and 25.2.6

Salamanca, Bibl. de la Universidad Civil 2376

Salisbury, Cathed. 26

Salzburg, Erzabtei St. Pet. a XI 9 and a XII 9

Seo de Urgel, Bibl. del Cabildo 2008 (41) and 2009 (113; 77; 16)

Sevilla, Bibl. Colombina y del Cabildo 82-7

Siena, Bibl. Communale degli Intronati G.V.23, K.I.3, K.I.10

Sigüenza, Bibl. de la Cated. 19 and 34

Sion, Archives du Chapitre Decretum Gratiani

Subiaco, Bibl. dell'Abbazia di S. Scolastica XI and XXXIII

Tarazona, Bibl. de la Cated. 93, 115 and 120

Toledo, Bibl. de la Cated. 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4 and 4.5

Torino, Bibl. Naz. I.I.8 (1338)

I.III.16 (incomplete)

Tortosa, Bibl. de la Cated. 3, 70, 239, 240

Toulouse, Bibl. de la Ville 366 and 367

Toulouse, Private Coll. Decretum Gratiani

Tours, Bibl. Munic. 557, 558, 559 and 560

Trento, Bibl. Communale 3568

Trier, Stadtbibl. 906 (1141), 907 (2182a)

Trier, Bischöflisches Seminar 8

Troyes, Bibl. Munic. 60, 103 and 1421

Valencia, Bibl. de la Cated. 28 (223)

Vatican City, Archivio San Pietro A.24, A.25, A.26 and A.27

Vatican City, Vat. Chigi E.v.131 and E.vii.206, Vat. Ottob. lat. 119 and 3133, Vat. Pal. lat. 621, 622, 623, 624, 625 and 626, Vat. Reg. lat. 977 and 1039, Vat. Ross. lat. 307, 308 and 595, Vat. Urb. lat. 161, Vat. lat. 1365, 1366, 1367, 1368, 1369, 1370, 1371, 1372, 1373, 1374, 1375, 1376, 2491, 2492, 2493, 2494, 2495, 3529, and 4893

Vendôme, Bibl. Munic. 88

Venice, Bibl. Naz. Marciana lat. ant. 173, lat. ant. 174, 175, 177 (lat. cl. IV n.117)

Vercelli, Bibl. Capit. XXV (118)

Verona, Bibl. Capit. CLXXXIV (164)

Vicenza, Bibl. Communale Bertoliana 17 (15.2.2

627)

Vich, Bibl. de la Cated. 135

Vienna, ÖNB 1439, 1758 (incomplete), 2057, 2060, 2061, 2069, 2070, 2082, 2102 and 2246, s.n. 2640

Washington, D.C., Catholic Univ. of America Libr. 186 (incomplete)

Washington D.C., Libr. of Congress Law Libr. D.401 and D.402

Wilhering, Stiftsbibl. 29

Wolfenbüttel, Landesbibl. Helmst. 23 and Helmst. 33

Worcester, Cathed. Chapter Libr. F.120

Zwettl, Stiftsbibl. 12 and 31.

LITERATURE:

M. Bertram, `Some additions to the "Repertorium der Kanonistik",' BMCL 4 (1974) 10-12. S. Chodorow, Christian Political Theory and Church Politics (Berkeley/Los Angeles 1972). P. Classen, `Das Decretum Gratiani wurde nicht in Ferentino approbiert', BMCL 8 (1978) 38-40. J. Erickson, `The Collection in three books and Gratian's Decretum', BMCL 2 (1972) 67-75. H. E. Feine, `Gliederung und Aufbau des Decretum Gratiani', SG 1 (1953) 351-70. G. Fransen, `La date du Décret de Gratien', RHE 51 (1956) 521-31. A. García y García, `Nuevos manoscritos del Decreto', Études Gabriel Le Bras (Paris 1965) 126-28. J. Gaudemet, `La doctrine des sources du droit dans le Décret de Gratien', RDC I (1951) 5-31; idem, `Das römische Recht in Gratians Dekret', ÖAKR 12 (1961) 177-91. F. Gillmann, `Paucapelea und Paleae bei Huguccio', AKKR 88 (1908) 466-79; idem, `Einteilung und System des Gratianischen Dekrets nach den alten Dekretalglossatoren bis Johannes Teutonikus einschließlich', AKKR 106 (1926) 472-574. L. Guizard, `Les manuscrits du Décret de Gratien de l'Université de Paris', . S. Kuttner, `Zur Frage der theologischen Vorlagen Gratians', ZRG Kan. Abt. 23 (1934) 243-268; idem, Repertorium 13-58; idem, `The Father of the Science of Canon Law', Jurist 1 (1941) 1-19; idem, `Bernardus Compostellanus Antiquus', Traditio1 (1943) 280 n.5; idem, `Graziano: L'uomo e l'opera', SG 1 (1953) 17-29; idem,`New Studies on the Roman Law in Gratian's Decretum', Jurist: Seminar 11 (1953) 12-50; idem, `Additional notes on the Roman Law in Gratian's Decretum', Jurist: Seminar 12 (1954) 68-74; idem, `Some Gratian manuscripts with early glosses', Traditio 17 (1961) 532-36; idem, `Retractationes VII', Gratian and the schools of law (London 1983) 8-9; idem, `Research on Gratian: Acta and Agenda', Proceedings Cambridge (MIC C-7; Vatican City 1988) 3-26. P. Landau, `Neue Forschungen zu vorgratianischen Kannonessammlungen und den Quellen des Gratianischen Dekrets', Ius Commune (1984) 1-29; idem, `Gratian (von Bologna)', TRE 14 (1986) 124-130; idem, `Quellen und Bedeutung des gratianischen Dekrets', SDHI 52 (1986) 218-35. T. Lenherr, `Die Summarien zu den Texten des 2. Laterankonzils von 1139 in Gratians Dekret', AKKR 150 (1981) 528-51; idem, `Arbeiten mit Gratians Dekret', AKKR 151 (1982) 140-66; idem, `Fehlende "Paleae" als Zeichen eines überlieferungsgeschichtlich jüngeren Datums von Dekret-Handschriften', AKKR, 151 (1982) 495-507. F. Liotta, La continenza dei chierici (Milan 1971) 3-30. A. Melnikas, The Corpus of Miniatures in the Manuscripts of Decretum Gratiani (SG 16-18; Vatican City 1973-75). C. Mesini, `Postille sulla biografia del "Magister Gratianus",' Apollinaris 54 (1981) 509-37. H. Mordek, Review of A. Melnikas, The Corpus of Miniatures in Decretum Gratiani vol. 3, ZRG Kan. Abt. 72 (1986) 403-411. J. Noonan, `Was Gratian approved at Ferentino?', BMCL 6 (1976) 15-27; idem, `Gratian Slept Here: The Changing Identity of the Father of the Systematic Study of Canon Law', Traditio 35 (1979) 145-72. J. Rambaud, `Plan et méthode de travail pour la rédaction d'un catalogue des manuscrits de Décret de Gratien', RHE 48 (1953) 213; idem, `L'étude des manuscrits du Decret de Gratien conservés en France', SG I (1953) 121-146; idem, `Gratien et le Droit romain. Influence d'Yves de Chartres', RHD 35 (1957) 290-300; idem, `Les paleae dans le Décret de Gratien', Proceedings Boston (MIC C-1; Vatican City 1971) 23-44. A. Vetulani, `Über die Distinktioneneinteilung und die Paleae im Dekret Gratians', ZRG Kan. Abt. 22 (1933) 346-70; idem, `Les manuscrits du décret de Gratien conserves dans les bibliothèques polonaises', RHD 15 (1936) 344-348; idem, `Gratien et le droit romain', RHD 24-25 (1946-47) 11-48; idem, `Encore un mot sur le droit romain dans le décret de Gratien', Apollinaris 21 (1948) 129-34; idem, `Autor du Décret du Gratien', Apollinaris 4 1 (1968) 43-58; R. Weigand, `Burchardauszüge in Dekrethandschriften und ihre Verwendung bei Rufin und als Paleae im Dekret Gratians', AKKR 158 (1989) 429-451; R. Weigand, `Frühe Kanonisten und ihre Karriere in der Kirche', ZRG Kan. Abt. 76 (1990) 135-36, 152-55; idem, `Die Glossen', SG 26. K. Wojtyla, `Le traite de "Penitentia" de Gratien dans l'abégé de Gdansk Mar.F.275', SG 7 (1959) 355-390. H. Zapp, `Gratian', LMA 4 (1989) 1658.

Gregory VIII (Albertus de Morra Beneventanus) Pope (10/1187-12/1187), a teacher of canon law at Bologna. His teachings on the Decretum seem to have survived in quotations of other canonists only.

LITERATURE: W. Holtzmann, `Die Dekretalen Gregorius VIII', MIÖG 58 (1950) 113-123; S. Kuttner, `Bernardus Compostellanus Antiquus', Traditio 1 (1943) 282 n.19; Schulte, QL I 130-31; R. Weigand, `Gandulphglossen zum Dekret Gratians', BMCL 7 (1977) 39-40; idem, `Die Glossen', SG 26.III 16.

Gregory IX (Hugolinus of Segni), the pope (1227-1241) who commissioned the canonist Raymundus de Peñafort to edit a comprehensive compilation out of the Compilationes antique. Promulgated in 1234, it was called the Decretales Gregorii IX or the Liber Extra. Gregory IX also included therein decretals of his own.

TEXTS: see Decretales Gregorii IX

LITERATURE: H. Dilcher, `Gregor IX', TRE 14 (1985) 152-55. B. Roberg, Gregor IX.', LMA 4 (1989) 1671-72.

Gregory X, Pope (1271-1276).

TEXTS: see Constitutiones Concilii Lugdunensis secundi

LITERATURE: B. Roberg, `Gregor X.', LMA 4 (1989) 1672-73.

Gregory (of London?), an English master cited twice in a collection of quaestiones (Londinenses) disputed at an Anglo-Norman school during the 1190's, as well as two other works of the same origin. His identity remains to be established.

LITERATURE: S. Kuttner, `Bernardus Compostellanus Antiquus', Traditio 1 (1943) 320, 327-28; idem, `Retractiones VIII', Gratian and the schools of law (London 1983) 34; R. Weigand, `Gregor (von London?)', LMA 4 (1989) 1683.

Guibert de Bonardo, a Bolognese canonist who during the 1150's wrote glosses on the Decretum. TEXTS: Glosses on Decretum EDITION: R. Weigand (1983) 201-209, has printed some 30 glosses; MANUSCRIPTS: Paris, B.N. lat. 14605; Bremen, Universitätsbibl. a.142; Mainz, Stadtbibl. II.204.

LITERATURE: R. Weigand, `Romanisierungstendenzen im frühen kanonischen Recht', ZRG Kan. Abt. 69 (1983) 200-49.

Guido, Magister (fl. ca. 1180?), cited as the author of a definition of marriage in a MS of the Decretum at Biberach.

MANUSCRIPT: Biberach, Spitalarchiv B 3515, fol. 268rb.

LITERATURE: R. Weigand, `Die Dekrethandschrift B 3515 des Spitalarchivs Biberach an der Riss', BMCL 2 (1972) 80.

Guido (Brito?) (see Casus ad Compilationem tertiam `Scribit Dominus papa')

Guido de Collemedio, an administrator of the church of Noyon until he became bishop of Courtrai (1296). Pope Clement V made him archbishop of Salerno in 1306, but he died in the same year. His repertory to Innocent's apparatus decretalium was completed prior to 1296, when he was still at Noyon.

TEXTS: Repertorium super apparatu Innocentii IV MANUSCRIPTS: Paris, B.N. lat. 3987, lat. 4306, lat. 15424, fol. 113ra-130vb (incomplete); Toledo, Cat. MS 4-16, fol. 66ra-118ra; Valencia, Bibl. Univ. 1155, fol. 330ra-61vb.

LITERATURE: A. Bernal Palacios, `Repertorios del Commentario de Innocencio IV a las Decretales de Gregorio IX', Escritos del Vedat 17 (1987) 149-52. R. Naz, `Gui de Collemedio ou de Colle di Mezzo', DDC 5 (1953) 1009; F. Lajard, `Gui de Colle di Mezzo, canoniste' HLF 25 (1869-98) 280-83; Schulte, QL II 178-79.

Guillaume d'Auvergne, a Parisian professor of theology and later bishop of Paris, composed manuals on penance and confession which oftentimes draw heavily from canonistic material.

TEXTS:1. Tractatus novus de penitentia EDITION: A hybrid version of the text has been printed in G's Opera 2 (Paris - Orléans 1674), where it is fused with various tracts of different origin, cf. P. Glorieux, Miscellanea A. Jansen 551-65; MANUSCRIPTS:

2. De confessione EDITION: Opera 2 (Paris - Orleans 1674) 238b-247a, as part of the hybrid edition of G's Tractatus novus; MANUSCRIPTS: Chartres, Bibl. Munic. 377; Klosterneuburg, Stiftsbibl. 205 and 450; London, BM Royal 8 F VII; Malines, Grande Sém. 28; Namur, Mus. archéol. 23; Vatican City, Vat. Reg. lat. 444.

LITERATURE: P. Glorieux, `Le Tractatus novus de Poenitentia de Guillaume d'Auvergne', Miscellanea A. Jansen (Louvain -Gembloux s.l.) 551-65; P. Michaud-Quantin, Sommes de casuistique et manuels de confession au moyen âge (XII-XVI siècles) (Louvain - Lille - Montreal 1962) 28-30.

Guillelmus de Bar, a canonist of the later twelfth century. Nothing is known about him other than that he was cited by Vincentius Hispanus.

LITERATURE: F. Gillmann, AKKR 113 (1933) 106 n.6. S. Kuttner, Repertorium 12, 33.

Guillelmus de Bonis Consiliis, taught canon law at Bologna from at least 1273-95. .

TEXTS: Quaestiones MANUSCRIPTS: Bamberg, Staatsbibl. Can. 48; Darmstadt, Landesbibl. 853; Wroclaw, Univ. II.F.53.

LITERATURE: C. Lefebvre, `Guillaume de Bonis Consolis', DDC 5 (1953) 1012. Schulte, QL II 163-64.

Guillelmus de Capella, professor of law at Orléans composed, besides numerous civilian works, repetitiones on certain chapters of Liber extra.

TEXT: Repetitiones in X, A. to X 1.38.2 EDITION: by G. Testaud (1908) 205-34 (from MS Paris 4488); MANUSCRIPTS: Paris, BN lat. 4488, fol. 173vb-75va; lat. 14328, fol. 136va. B. to X 2.1.4, MANUSCRIPT: Paris, BN lat. 14328, fol. 138vb.

LITERATURE: M. Bertram, `Kirchenrechtliche Vorlesungen aus Orleans', Francia 2 (1974) 222; G. Testaud, Melanges Fitting I (Montpellier 1908) 205-34.

Guillelmus Durantis the Elder (William Duranti; the Speculator) is the famous author of the Speculum iudiciale, the most widely used procedural treatise of the Middle Ages. He was born near Beziers in Southern France, in 1236. He studied canon law at Bologna under Bernardus Parmensis and later taught at Modena. Pope Clement IV (1265-68) made him auditor generalis of the Rota, which gave him the pratical experience reflected in his chief work. G. attended the Second Council of Lyons in 1274 and later wrote a commentary on the council's constitutions. The peak of his administrative career was reached when he became rector generalis of the papal states in 1278, which he then exchanged for the rectorship of the new French papal provinces (1281-82). Guillelmus became bishop of Mende in 1286. He died at Rome ten years later.

TEXTS (canonical only): 1. Repertorium iuris canonici (1st ed. 1271; 2nd ed. before 1279)

EDITIONS: Rome 1474; Venice 1496. Later editions append the text to the end of the Speculum iudiciale.

2. Speculum iudiciale (1st ed.1271-76; 2nd 1287-91) EDITIONS: Frankfurt 1602.

3. Commentary on the Constitutions of Lyons II (ca. 1293/94), EDITION: by S. Maiolo (Fano 1569).

LITERATURE: R. Aubert, `Guillaume Durant évêque de Mende, dit "le Speculateur" (+1296)', DHGE 22.129-30 (1988) 891-92. M. Bertram, `Zur wissenschaftlichen Bearbeitung der Konstitutionen Gregors X.', QF 53 (1973) 459-67. L. Boyle, `The Date of the Commentary of William Duranti on the Constitutions of the Second Council of Lyons', BMCL 4 (1974) 39-47. F. Falletti, `Guillaume Durand', DDC 5 (1953) 1014-75; V. Le Clercq, HLF 20 (1847) 411-97; Schulte, QL II 144-56.

Guillelmus de Fereriis, a jurist from the school of Orleans, composed, besides many Romanistic works, a repetitio on a chapter of Liber extra.

TEXT: 1. Repetitio in X (X 3.23.4)

LITERATURE: E. M. Meijers, Études d'histoire de droit III (Leiden 1959) 94.

Guillelmus de Foresta, author of glosses to the Decretum in Bibl. d'Etat de Tréves MS 906. Also, Guillelmus seems to have added glosses to the Summa Decreti of Simon of Bisignano.

TEXTS: Glosses on the Decretum, MANUSCRIPTS: Bibl. d'Etat de Tréves MS 906

LITERATURE: J. Junker, `Die Summa des Simon von Bisignano und seine Glossen', ZRG Kan. Abt. 15 (1926) 352. C. Lefebvre, `Guillaume de Foresta', DDC 5 (1953) 1075.

Guillelmus Naso, a pupil of Alanus Anglicus, became professor of canon law at Bologna around 1227. He wrote distinctiones and a commentary on the Decretales Gregorii.

TEXTS:1. Lectura in Decretales MANUSCRIPT: Vienna, ÖNB lat. 2083, fol. 45-71v; Oxford, Bodl. lat. th. b. 4 (selected passages); Monza, Bibl. Capit. k.10/162, fol 95rb-96rb (beginning only).

2. Opuscula MANUSCRIPT: Monte Cassino 136, pp. 209-10, 261.

3. Quaestiones (following the Quaestiones Berolinensis) MANUSCRIPT: Berlin, Staatsbibl. Preus. Kulturbesitz MS lat. , fol. 249, fol. 71va-b.

LITERATURE: S. Kuttner, `Bernardus Compostellanus Antiquus', Traditio 1 (1943) 336 n.36; idem, `The Glossa ordinaria to the Gregorian Decretals', EHR 60 (1945) 97-105, at 103-05, and Retractiones to this article in, idem, Studies in the history of medieval canon law (Variorum 1990) 19-20; idem, `Some unrecorded quaestiones', Traditio 13 (1957) 507. G. Oesterlé, `Guillaume Naso', DDC 5 (1953) 1079; Schulte, QL II 78-80; R. Trifone, `Gli scritti di Guglielmo Nasone', RSDI 2 (1929) 242-45.

Guillelmus Papiensis, appears as professor of canon law in a Bolognese document of 1233. In 1256, he became bishop of Pavia.

LITERATURE: Schulte, QL II 174.

Guillelmus de Petra lata (Pierrelatte), a monk from the Provence, studied canon law at Bologna since ca. 1292. He became a professor there in 1297, but left the city in the same year, following the call of his monastery.

TEXTS: Quaestiones MANUSCRIPTS: Bamberg, Staatsbibl. Can. 48; Darmstadt, Landesbibl. 853.

LITERATURE: C. Lefebvre, `Guillaume de Petra Lata', DDC 5 (1953) 1080; Schulte, QL II 166-67.

Guillelmus Proredo de Drokeda (see Wiliam of Drogheda)

Guillelmus Redonensis (fl. 1240-45), an otherwise unknown Dominican who wrote an apparatus on the Summa de casibus of Raymundus de Peñafort. His commentary was transmitted alongside Raymond's work in most of the manuscripts and early editions and enjoyed an almost equal authority during the later Middle Ages.

TEXTS: Apparatus on Summa de casibus EDITION: Together with the Summa, ed. Rome 1603, 1715, wrongly attributed to Johannes of Freiburg. MANUSCRIPTS: Alencon, Bibl. Munic. 140; Angers, Bibl. Munic. 219 (separate text); Arras, Bibl. Munic. 122; Berlin, Staatsbibl. lat. oct. N.92; Clermont Ferrand, Bibl. Munic. 91; Erlangen, Universitätsbibl. 523; Fulda, Landesbibl. D.12; Göttingen, Universitätsbibl. C.m.j.163; Leipzig, Universitätsbibl. 1009 and 1014 (separate); Melk, Stiftsbibl. B.78; Munich, Clm 5943, lat. 8219, lat. 8884; Prague, Universitätsbibl. III.F.15; Tours, Bibl. Munic. 368; Troyes, Bibl. Munic. 1710 and 1863; Vienna, ÖNB lat. 1372; Wroclaw, Univ. II.F.111 and 112.

LITERATURE: P. Michaud-Quantin, Sommes de casuistique et manuels de confession au moyen âge (XII-XVI siècles) (Louvain - Lille - Montreal 1962) 40-41; R. Naz, `Guillaume de Rennes', DDC 5 (1953) 1080. K. Pennington, `A "consilium" of Johannes Teutonicus', Traditio 26 (1970) 438; Schulte, QL II 413-14; R. Weigand, `Mitteilungen aus Handschriften', Traditio 16 (1961) 562.

Guillelmus Vasco (see Willielmus Vasco)

Gutolf of Heiligenkreuz (fl.1265-93), a Cistercian who is better remembered as a preacher amd grammarian, also composed a treatise on procedure for the use of his fellow monks.

TEXT: Tractatus de ordine iudiciario EDITION: A. Schönbach, SB Vienna 150 (1905) 113-28; MANUSCRIPTS: Lilienfeld, Stiftsbibl. 137, fol. 168v-172; Vienna, ÖNB lat. 1737, fol. 72-90.

LITERATURE: A. Schönbach, `Über Gutolf von Heiligenkreuz', SB Vienna 150.2 (1905). W. Stelzer, `Österreichische Kanonisten des 13. Jahrhunderts', ÖAKR 30 (1979) 71-73; idem, `Gutolf von Heiligenkreuz', Verfasserlexikon 3 (1981) 338-46. idem, Gelehrtes Recht in Österreich. Von den Anfängen bis zum frühen 14. Jh. MIÖG - Erg.Bd. 26 (Vienna 1982) 136-40.

Henricus, appears as a doctor decretorum in a Bolognese questio of 1273.

TEXT: Questio, MANUSCRIPTS: Bamberg, Staatsbibl. Can. 48; Darmstadt, Landesbibl. 853.

LITERATURE: Schulte, QL II 162-63.

Henricus de Gandavo, the Parisisan theologian, also wrote a penitential work. He died in 1295.

TEXT: De penitentia

LITERATURE: Schulte, QL II 418-19.

Henry of Barbeu, a Franciscan who wrote an apparatus to the Summa of Henry of Merseburg, c.1260.

TEXTS: Apparatus in Summam Henrici Merseburgensis, MANUSCRIPTS:

LITERATURE: B. Kurtscheid, `De studio iuris canonici in Ordine Fratrum Minorum saeculo XIII,' Antonianum 2 (1914) 157-202, at 164-68, 193-97.

Henry of Merseburg, a Franciscan, composed a Summa on the Decretales Gregorii IX (ca.1242).

LITERATURE: B. Kurtscheid, `Henricus von Merseburg, ein Kanonist des XIII. Jahrhunderts', Franziskanische Studien 1 (1914) 269-90; idem, `De studio iuris canonici in Ordine Fratrum Minorum saeculo XII', Antonianum 2 (1927) 157-202.

Henry of Susa (Hostiensis), one of the most eminent of the thirteenth-century decretalists who combined his accomplishments as a jurist with an equally successful ecclesiastical career. Born around 1200, he studied law at Bologna in the 1220's, at about the same time when Sinibaldo dei Fieschi, the future pope Innocent IV (1241-54), began his training as a lawyer there. It remains uncertain whether Hostiensis ever taught in Italy. By 1239, he was apparently archdeacon of Paris and may have taught on the Gregorian decretals, whereas other sources relate his long stay in England (1236?-44) as a member of the household of Queen Eleanor. Simultaneously, his relationship to the the papacy grew very close, whence Henry soon served as Pope Innocent's chaplain. He received the bishopric of Sisteron in 1243/44, and later became archbishop of Embrun (1250-61). The pope repeatedly employed him in diplomatic missions. His efforts were finally rewarded with the cardinalate, which Pope Urban IV bestowed upon him in 1262, in form of the bishopric of Ostia whence he was later called Hostiensis. He participated in the protracted conclave at Viterbo (1268-70), but illness forced him to leave before the final election took place. When he died in the Dominican convent at Lyons (1271), he had just completed the second version of his Lectura on the Decretales Gregorii noni. Among his earlier works, the Summa on the Decretals of Gregory IX, completed ca. 1253, was even more celebrated. Since the early days of printing, this work came to circulate with the epithet aurea (first in ed. Rome 1477). Henry also published a Lectura on the first two collections of Novelle promulgated by Innocent IV (1245/46), to which he added several later decretals (before Sept. 1253).

TEXTS:1. Summa EDITIONS: All incunabula (Hain 8959-8966) as well as the later editions, e.g. Lyons 1537 (repr. Aalen 1962); Venice 1574 (repr. Torino 1963) present the latest stage of the Summa's textual development, which inserted the Quaestio (below n.5) under the title De sententia excommunicationis; MANUSCRIPTS: Earliest version (without Quaestio (see below n.5) being attached or inserted): Munich, Clm 14006; Munich, Clm 15707; Paris, Ste. Geneviève 328. Second version (with Quaestio at the end): cf. the list provided by M. Bertram, BMCL 16 (1986) 96-97. Third version (with Quaestio inserted): Munich, Clm 24.

2. Lectura on the Novellae I-II of Innocent IV EDITIONS: Strasbourg 1512 (after the Lecturaon the Decretals of Gregory IX); Paris 1512; Venice 1581 (reprint 1965, much less reliable than Strasbourg and Paris 1512). MANUSCRIPTS: listed by M. Bertram, ZRG Kan. Abt. 75 (1989) 188-89.

3. Lectura on the Decretales Gregorii noni EDITIONS: Lectura sive apparatus domini Hostiensis super quinque libris decretalium (Strasbourg 1512: second recension); Paris 1512, from which is derived Venice 1581 (reprint Torino 1965: second recension; both are less reliable than Strasbourg 1512). MANUSCRIPTS: First recension (ca. 1254-65): Oxford, New College 205, fol. 2r-241r. Second recension: see the list of M. Bertram, ZRG Kan. Abt. 75 (1989) 182-186.

4. Decretum electionis (after 1253) MANUSCRIPT: Munich, Clm 4111. Andreas Thier has located the tract in the following manuscripts:  Vienna, Hofbibliothek 2238, fol. 1a-9b; Vienna, Hofbibliothek, fol. 50a-54a, col. 1 in pr.; Munich, Clm 9662, fol. 1a-5a, col. 1.

5. Quaestio, written by Hostiensis while he was at the Roman curia, upon a request from the University of Bologna (after 1261). EDITION: K. Pennington, BMCL 16 (1986) 94-96.

LITERATURE: M. Bertram, `Handschriften der Summe Hostiensis mit der "Quaestio" am Ende', BMCL 16 (1986) 96-97; idem, `Handschriften und Drucke des Dekretalenkommentars (sog. Lectura) des Hostiensis', ZRG Kan. Abt. 75 (1989) 177-201. N. Didier, `Henri de Suse en Angleterre (1236?-1244)', Studi in onore di Vincenzo Arangio-Ruiz (1953) 333; idem, `Henri de Suse in évêque de Sisteron (1244-50)', RHD 31 4th series (1953) 409; idem, `Henri de Suse, prieur d'Antibes, prevôt de Grasse (1235?-1244)', SG 2 (1954). C. Gallagher, Canon law and the Christian community: The role of law in the Summa aurea of Cardinal Hostiensis (Analecta Gregoriana 208; Rome 1978). C. Lefebvre, `Hostiensis', DDC 5 (1953) 1211-27. K. Pennington, `A "Quaestio" of Henricus de Segusio and the textual tradition of his "Summa super decretalibus",' BMCL 16 (1986) 91-97; idem, `An earlier recension of Hostienis's Lectura on the Decretals', BMCL 17 (1987) 77-90; idem, DBI. Schulte QL II 123-29; E. Vodola, `Hostiensis', DMA 6 (1985) 298-99; A. von Wretschko, `Ein Traktat des Kardinals Hostiensis mit Glossen betreffend die Abfassung von Wahldekreten bei der Bischofswahl', Deutsche Zeitschrift für Kirchenrecht 17 (1907) 73-88.    Ken Pennington, "Enrico da Susa, detto l'Ostiense (Hostiensis, Henricus de Segusio o Segusia)," Dizionario biografico degli Italiani 42 (Roma: Istituto della Enciclopedia Italiana, 1993) 758-763 and in English "Henricus de Segusio (Hostiensis)", Popes, Canonists, and Texts 1150-1550 (Collected Studies Series 412; Aldershot: Variorum, 1993) article XVI;  Giuliano Brugnotto, L’"aequitas canonica": Studio e analisi del concetto negli scritti di Enrico da Susa (Cardinal Ostiense) (Tesi gregoriana, Serie diritto canonico 40; Roma : Pontificia università gregoriana, 1999).

Hermannus, a name attributed to the canonist Cardinalis by Rudolf Weigand who now agrees with André Gouron that Cardinalis was Raymond des Arènes (see Cardinalis).

Hoc dicit quod spiritus sanctus, the opening words of an anonymous apparatus on the Constitutions of Lyons II, completed most likely at the Roman curia, before the end of 1275.

MANUSCRIPTS: Paris, BN lat. 14328, fol. 1ra-8vb.

LITERATURE: M. Bertram, `Zur wissenschaftlichen Bearbeitung der Konstitutionen Gregors X.', QF 53 (1973) 459-67; idem, Francia 2 (1974) 216; L. Boyle, `The Date of the Commentary of William Duranti on the Constitutions of the Second Council of Lyons', BMCL 4 (1974) 39-47; E. Fournier, Questions d'histoire du droit canonique (Paris 1936) 9-12.

Honorius III, Pope (1216-1226), commissioned Tancred, then the leading canonist at Bologna, to compile a collection of his decretals. This became the Compilatio quinta, the last of the Compilationes antiquae. Known especially for the decretal Super speculam, which restricted the study of Roman law among clerics. Like a number of very long decretals, Super speculam circulated as a separate text.

TEXTS:1. See Compilatio quinta

2. Super Speculam MANUSCRIPTS: A. appended to Compilatio quarta: Rouen 706, fol. 298v; Cordoba 10, fol. 305va-306va; Beaune 19, fol. 295v (shortened); Bamberg, Staatsbibl. Can. 19, fol. 77va-78vb (shortened); Florenze, Laurenz. S. Croce V sin.4 (shortened); Paris, B.N. lat. 14321, fol. 241; B. appended to Compilatio tertia: Lisbon, Alcob. 381, fol. 224 (shortened); C. appended to the Constitutiones concilii Lateranensis quarti: Vienna, ÖNB 2183, fol. 106-108 (5 Comp. 5.2.1, X 5.5.5, X 3.50.10, and X 5.33.28)

LITERATURE: L. Boyle, `The Compilatio quinta and the registers of Honorius III', BMCL 8 (1978) 9-19. S. Kuttner, Repertorium 382; idem, `Papst Honorius III und das Studium des Zivilrechts', Festschrift für Martin Wolf (Tübingen 1951) 79-101; idem, `Retractationes X', Gratian and the Schools of law 1140-1234 (London 1983) 43-47. E. Pitz, Papstreskript und Kaiserreskript im Mittelalter (Bibl. des Deutschen Historischen Instituts in Rom 36; Tübingen 1971) 171-91. W. Ullmann, `Honorius III and the prohibition of legal studies', Juridical Review 60 (1948) 177-86.

Honorius, Magister, may be the Honorius who received a benefice at Willesborough through a letter of Lucius III in 1184 or 1185. Honorius probably spent the years 1185-95 at Paris studying and perhaps teaching law, although he did witness a charter in England in 1192. H. wrote the Summa `De iure canonico tractaturus' at Paris very close to 1188 and the Summa quaestionum soon therafter. From 1195, Honorius was in the service of the Archbishop of York. H. also served the King in the dispute over the election of Hubert Walter's successor as Archbishop of Canterbury. Honorius was imprisoned in 1208 for unknown reasons and not, as had been thought, for failure to pay 300 marks owed to the crown for letters of protection. He died in prison by 1213.

TEXTS:1. Summa `De iure canonico tractaturus' MANUSCRIPTS: Laon, Bibl. de la Ville 371, fol. 83-170v.

2. Summa decretalium quaestionum EDITION: Portions of this work bearing on marriage doctrine (i.e the third and final part) have been edited and published by Benno Grimm, Die Ehelehre des Magister Honorius: Ein Beitrag zur Ehelehre der anglo-normannischen Schule, SG 24 (1989) 231-387. Grimm has used all the manuscripts except Königsberg, which is still lost; MANUSCRIPTS: Bamberg, Staatsbibl. Can. 45, fol. 23-39; Douai, Bibl. de la Ville 640, fol. 1-42a; Königsberg, Universitätsbibl. 21, fol. 44-75; Laon, Bibl. de la Ville 371(bis), fol. 171-176v; Leipzig, Universitätsbibl. 984, fol. 90-110; Paris, B.N. lat. 14591, fol. 50-83ra; Zwettl 162, fol. 179-213.

LITERATURE: B. Grimm, Die Ehelehre des Magister Honorius: Ein Beitrag zur Ehelehre der anglo-normannischen Schule, SG 24 (1989). S. Kuttner, and E. Rathbone, `Anglo Norman canonists of the twelfth century', Traditio 7 (1949-51) 304-310; S. Kuttner, `Retractationes VII', Gratian and the Schools (London 1983) 31. R. Weigand, Die bedingte Eheschliessung im kanonischen Recht I(Munich 1963) 189-97; idem, Die Naturrechtslehre der Legisten und Dekretisten von Irnerius bis Accursius und von Gratian bis Johannes Teutonicus (Münchener Theologische Studien III. Kan. Abt. 26; Munich 1967) 201-203; idem, `Bemerkungen über die Schriften und Lehren des Magister Honorius', Proceedings Salamanca (MIC C-6; Vatican City 1980) 195-212: excerpts from both Summae 206-212.

Hostiensis (see Henry of Susa)

Hubaldus, Magister, this cardinal priest of SS. John and Paul (c.1149) was once identified with the twelfth century canonist Cardinalis by Rudolf Weigand. But this has recently been disproven and he has agreed with Gouron that Cardinalis was Raymond des Arènes (see Cardinalis).

Huguccio (Hugo, Uguccione), fl. 1180-1210, Bolognese decretist and author of one of the most influential Summae on Gratian's Decretum (ca. 1188-1190). The first signs of his teaching appear in decretist commentaries and glosses of the 1180's, such as the apparatus Ordinaturus Magister(1180/90) and the Summa Casinensis. There are strong indications that Huguccio completed the work in intermittent stages, putting off the writing of the sections on Causa 1 (stage II), De consecratione (stage III), and De penitentia (stage IV), until he had finished the rest (stage I). On 1 May, 1190, Huguccio became bishop of Ferrara, whereupon he seems to have abandoned the completion of his commentary, leaving the portion on C.23 q.4 c.34 - C.26 (stage V) unfinished. Huguccio died after `twenty years less one day' in office, on 30 April 1210.

Prior to composing his great Summa, Huguccio had composed a minor exegetical treatise on the Apostolic Creed (Expositio de symbolo apostolorum), as well as a work containing etymological explanations on the names of saints, called Hagiographia. Both texts reveal Huguccio's great interest in etymologies. This may suggest his identity with the Bolognese grammarian Huguccio of Pisa, who during the 1160's wrote the Derivationes, a widely used and comprehensive Latin etymological dictionary. The lexicographer also produced minor grammatical writings, which most likely included a Summa artis grammatice. The title and contents of this Summa, as well as some of the sources used by the Derivationes, point towards a strong French intellectual background of the grammarian Huguccio and a close acquaintance with the writings of French teachers such as William of Conches, Petrus Helias, and Robert of Paris (in the 1150's ?). These chronological considerations rather speak against an identification of the canonist with the grammarian.

TEXTS:1. Summa decretorum (1188-90) MANUSCRIPTS: A) Complete: Admont, Stiftsbibl. 7, fol. 2ra-324ra, 335ra-500rb (De pen. ends at D.5 c.1 s.v. fructus); Florence, Bibl. Laurenziana Fesul. 125, fol. 1ra-388v (Fesul. 125 includes the Prologue to C.13 q.2 c.12) and Fesul. 126, fol. 1ra-109rb, 127ra-369va; Florence, Bibl. Laurenziana Plut. I sin.4, fol. 1r-283v, 295r-417r; Lons-Le-Saunier, Archive Dep. 12 F.16, fol. 2ra-313ra, 325rb-483vb; Madrid, Bibl. Nac. lat. 11962, fol. 2ra-231r, 250r-369vb; Paris, B.N. lat. 3892, fol. 1ra-272ra, 281va-400vb; Tarazona, Cath. 151 (3); Vatican City, Bibl. Apost. lat. 2280, fol. 1ra-248rb, 256ra-370vb; Verona, Archivio Capitolare CXCIV. B. Incomplete: i. one stage only: Calahorra, Cath. 8 (stage I); Klosterneuberg, Stiftsbibl. 295, fol. 110r-238v (stage III); Luxemburg, Bibl. Munic. 144, fol. 1ra-147va, 160ra-329rb, 342ra-423vb (stage I); Munich, Clm 10247, fol. 1ra-280ra (stage I); Salamanca, Univ. 1930 (Stage I, beginning at C.2); Vatican City, Archivio S. Pietro C.114 (stage I, breaks at ending at C.35 q.8 c.1). ii. two stages: Fulda, Landesbibl. D.22, fol. 3r-291r (stages I and II); Paris, B.N. lat. 3891, fol. 1r-320v (stages I and III). iii. three stages: Bamberg, Staatsbibl. Can. 40, fol. 1ra-279vb (stages I, II and III); Can.41, fol. 1r-125v, 135r-309r, 325r-477v (stages I, III and IV); Klagenfurt, Bischöfl. Bibl. XXIX a.3, fol. 1ra-313vb (stages I, II and III); Klosterneuberg, Stifstbibl. 89, fol. 1r-386v (stages I, II and III); Lincoln, Cathedral Chapter 2, fol. 2r-307r (stages I [prologue and D.1-101 only], III and IV); Paris, B.N. lat. 15396-97, fol. 2ra-99vb, 108ra-191vb (MS lat. 15396 ending after C.13), fol. 3ra-46vb, 59ra-171va (stages I, III and IV). iv. four stages: Cambrai, Bibl. Municip. 612 (stages I-IV); Leningrad, Public Libr. lat. fol. II vel. 10 (stages I-IV); Rouen, Bibl. Munic. 749 (stages I, II, IV, V); Tarazona, Cath. 97 (stages I-IV); Vatican City, Vat. Borgh. lat. 272, fol. 1r-143r, 154r-232r (stages I-IV). v. fragments: Assisi, Bibl. Commun. 213 (portion I, ending at C.17 q.2 c.1); Bamberg, Staatsbibl. Can. 42, fol. 1ra-8vb (C.27 - C.27 q.2 c.21); Barcelona, Univ. Libr. 504 (portions I [D.1 c.4 - C.16 q.1] and II); Bernkastel-Kues, Sankt-Nikolaus-Hospital, Cusanus-Stiftsbibl. 228, fol. 45ra-110vb (portions I [C.2 - C.2 q.3 p.c.8 only], II [begins C.1 q.1 c.1], IV [De pen. D.1 c.13 -D.7 c.6]; Cambridge, Pembroke Coll. 72, fol. 116r-159v (portion I, ending at D.54 p.c.21); Leipzig, Universitätsbibl. 985, fol. 9r-233v (portion I, C.2-22 only); Marburg, Universitätsbibl. 83, fol., fol.105r-246v (portion I, ending at C.11 q.3 c.62); Munich, Clm 28193, fol. 126v (fragment of prologue only); Paris, B.N. lat. 3918, fol. 1r-54vb (D.1 - D.50 c.17, C.2 - C.6 q.1 c.22, C.16 q.3 c.4 -C.22); Parma, Bibl. Pal. 1222 (portion I, ending at C.15 q.8); Vatican City, Vat. lat. 2491, fol. 1ra-36va (portion I, ends at D.25 p.c.3; marginal gloss); Vienna, Nat. Bibl. 2061, fol. 1ra-172vb (C.2 - C.11 q.1 c.39; intercapitular gloss); Volterra, Bibl. Guarn. 6370, fol. 1r-100r (portion I, D.1 - D.21 c.2, C.2 q.7 c.41 - C.3 q.7 c.18, C.27-36); Worcester, Cath. Libr. F.12 (portions I [beginning at C.11 q.3 c.97], III-IV).

2. Agiographia (before 1190) EDITION: G. Cremascoli, Uguccione da Pisa: Liber de dubio accentu. Agiographia. Expositio de symbolo apostolorum (Biblioteca degli Studi Medievali 10; Spoleto 1978) 137-74 (on the basis of the two known manuscripts: Paris, B.N. lat. 14877, fol. 124r-129v, and Venice, Bibil. Marc. XIII.16, fol. 197v-199r: cf. W. Müller, Viator 22 [1991] 140-48).

3. Expositio de symbolo apostolorum (before 1190) EDITION: N. M. Häring,`Zwei Kommentare von Huguccio, Bischof von Ferrara', SG 19 (1976) 365-98. G. Cremascoli, Uguccione da Pisa 227-55. Both editions have used the two extant manuscripts, Bologna, Univ. Libr. 2633, fol. 1r-4v and Vatican City, Vat. lat. 819, fol. 184r-189r. Cremascoli further collated the editio princepsby C. G. Trombelli, Bedae et Claudii Taurinensis itemque aliorum veterum patrum opuscula(Bologna 1755) 207-223.

4. Expositio dominice orationis (?) EDITION: N. M Häring, `Zwei Kommentare' 398-416. The treatise is appended to the Expositio de symbolo apostolorum in MS Vatican City, Vat. lat. 819, fol. 198r-201v, whence Häring concluded that it was also a Huguccionian work. The attribution remains very doubtful.

5. Derivationes (ca.1161, the authorship of the great canonist is doubtful) EDITION: (Prologue only): A. Marigo, `De Huguccionis Pisani Derivationum latinitate earumque prologo', Archivum Romanicum 11 (1927) 101-106; idem, I codici manoscritti delle `Derivationes' di Uguccione Pisano(Rome 1936) XIII-XIV. MANUSCRIPTS: Cf. A. Marigo, I codici 1-29. G. L. Bursill-Hall, A Census of Medieval Latin Grammatical Manuscripts (Stuttgart 1981) passim.

6. De dubio accentu (before 1161, by the author of the Derivationes), EDITION: G. Cremascoli, Uguccione da Pisa 65-87; MANUSCRIPTS: To Cremascoli's 11 manuscripts, add the four copies indicated by O. Limone, `Il "Liber de dubio accentu" (Cod. Ambr. E 12 inf.) falsamente attribuito ad Uguccione da Pisa", Studi Medievali 25 (1984) 320 n.18.

7. Rosarium (before 1161, by the author of the Derivationes) EDITION: none; MANUSCRIPTS: G. L. Bursill-Hall, A Census 349.

8. Summa artis grammatice (ca. 1160-70, probably by the author of the Derivationes) EDITION: none; MANUSCRIPTS: Munich, Clm 18908, fol. 1-32.

LITERATURE: G. Catalano, `Contributo alla biografia di Uguccione Pisano', Il diritto ecclesiastico65 (1954) 3-67. F. Gastaldelli, `Le Sententiae di Pietro Lombardo e l'Epositio de symbolo apostolorum di Uguccione da Pisa', Salesianum 39 (1977) 318-21. F. Gillmann, `Die Abfassungszeit der Dekretsumme Huguccios', AKKR 94 (1914) 233-51. H. Kneepkens, Het Iudicium Constructionis. Het leerstuck van de constructio in de 2de helft van de 12de eeuw (Nijmegen 1987) 1:139-43. S. Kuttner, Repertorium 151-55; idem, Traditio 11 (1955) 441-444. F. Liotta, La continenza dei chierici (Milan 1971) 114-25; C. Leonardi, `La vita e l'opera di Uguccione da Pisa decretista', Studia Gratiana 4 (1956) 39-120. W.P. Müller, `Huguccio of Pisa: Canonist, Bishop, and Grammarian?', Viator 22 (1991) 121-52. L. Prosdocimi, `La "Summa Decretorum" di Uguccione da Pisa: Studi preliminari per una edizione critica', SG 3 (1955) 349-74; idem, `I manoscritti della "Summa Decretorum" di Uguccione da Pisa', SG 7 (1959) 251-72; A. Stickler, `Uguccio de Pise', DDC 7 (1965) 1356-62; idem, `Huguccio (Hugh) of Pisa', NCE 5 (1967) 200-201. R. Weigand, Die bedingte Eheschliessung im kanonischen Recht I (Munich 1963) 203-18; idem, Die Naturrechtslehre der Legisten und Dekretisten von Irnerius bis Accursius und von Gratian bis Johannes Teutonicus(Münchener Theologische Studien III. Kan. Abt. 26; Munich 1967) 215-223; idem, `Huguccio', LMA 5 (1990) 181-82.

Huguccio Vercellensis (da Borromei), born at Vercelli, Huguccio was a canon of St. Peter at Bologna and taught canon law and perhaps also Roman law there during the 1280's. He later became a papal auditor and finally bishop of Novara in 1304. Four quaestiones survive from his days as a teacher. Huguccio died in 1328.

TEXTS: Quaestiones EDITION: Four quaestiones have been edited by Briacca, pp. 71-84; MANUSCRIPTS: Bamberg, Staatsbibl. Can. 48, fol. 240v-241r; Darmstadt, Landesbibl. 853, fol. 165v-166r.

LITERATURE: P. Bartolini, `Borromeo, Uguccione', DBI 13 (1971) 66-71. G. Briacca, `Le "questiones disputatae" di Uguccione Borromei', BMCL 7 (1977) 65-84. R. Naz, `Huguccio (Borromeo)', DDC 5 (1953) 1228. Schulte, QL II 163.